安装 Ubuntu 17.04 后，我的系统开始随机进入只读模式。我不确定问题是否与硬件有关，这就是我在这里寻求帮助的原因。以下是运行的输出dmesg：
[ 153.980788] systemd[1]: snapd.refresh.timer: Adding 3h 28min 7.902429s random time.
[ 153.980793] systemd[1]: snapd.refresh.timer: Adding 2h 31min 56.416202s random time.
[ 153.981010] systemd[1]: apt-daily.timer: Adding 7h 14min 15.923815s random time.
[ 180.145338] systemd[1]: snapd.refresh.timer: Adding 1h 19min 56.064983s random time.
[ 180.145343] systemd[1]: snapd.refresh.timer: Adding 2h 19min 4.310984s random time.
[ 180.145582] systemd[1]: apt-daily.timer: Adding 1h 7min 52.267530s random time.
[ 316.563746] EXT4-fs error (device nvme0n1p4): ext4_validate_block_bitmap:384: comm kworker/u16:1: bg 259: bad block bitmap checksum
[ 316.649798] Aborting journal on device nvme0n1p4-8.
[ 316.740313] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p4): Remounting filesystem read-only
输出如下sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0n1 | less：
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: INTEL SSDPEKKW512G7
Serial Number: BTPY64530SB1512F
Firmware Version: PSF100C
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x8086
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x5cd2e4
Controller ID: 1
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 512,110,190,592 [512 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Local Time is: Sun May 7 20:14:46 2017 UTC
Firmware Updates (0x12): 1 Slot, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0006): Format Frmw_DL
Optional NVM Commands (0x001e): Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat
Maximum Data Transfer Size: 32 Pages
Warning Comp. Temp. Threshold: 70 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold: 80 Celsius
Supported Power States
St Op Max Active Idle RL RT WL WT Ent_Lat Ex_Lat
0 + 9.00W - - 0 0 0 0 5 5
1 + 4.60W - - 1 1 1 1 30 30
2 + 3.80W - - 2 2 2 2 30 30
3 - 0.0700W - - 3 3 3 3 10000 300
4 - 0.0050W - - 4 4 4 4 2000 10000
Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
0 + 512 0 0
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02, NSID 0x1)
Critical Warning: 0x00
Temperature: 29 Celsius
Available Spare: 100%
Available Spare Threshold: 10%
Percentage Used: 0%
Data Units Read: 1,872,872 [958 GB]
Data Units Written: 1,943,407 [995 GB]
Host Read Commands: 25,786,657
Host Write Commands: 23,483,001
Controller Busy Time: 386
Power Cycles: 310
Power On Hours: 1,581
Unsafe Shutdowns: 71
Media and Data Integrity Errors: 0
Error Information Log Entries: 0
Warning Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 64 entries)
No Errors Logged
我已经通过从实时 USB 启动并运行修复了 SSD 几次：
sudo dumpe2fs /dev/nvme0n1p4 | grep superblock #just in case
sudo fsck -b 32768 -y /dev/nvme0n1p4
示例输出：
...
/dev/nvme0n1p4: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/nvme0n1p4: 367181/15630336 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 9061081/62520064 blocks
但问题仍然存在。
不知道是否相关，但从安装 USB，gparted 弹出以下警告："The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says it is 512 bytes."。
任何帮助都将不胜感激。谢谢！
编辑：作为参考，我的驱动器是 Intel SSD 600p。
答案1
通过下载英特尔® SSD 固件更新工具检查英特尔 SSD 固件https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/26491/Intel-SSD-Firmware-Update-Tool?product=35125
如果这是戴尔电脑，请在 Ask Ubuntu 上搜索“dell ssd”，然后查看内核参数修复。虽然它指的是三星 SSD，但请阅读以下已接受的答案：Ubuntu 17.04 升级后出现 EXT4-fs 错误