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如何找出解析特定主机名的名称服务器

tag-icon • tag-icon debian dns hostname ping
如何找出解析特定主机名的名称服务器

我正在运行 Ubuntu 14.04，最近更改了一些主机名解析配置。因此，我现在正在尝试优化它们，为此我需要找出哪些名称服务器解析我的请求中的特定主机名。

我可以尝试 ping 主机名my.hostname.example.net以查明它是否完全解析，但如何找出哪个名称服务器解析了该特定主机名？

答案1

有几个命令可用于调试 DNS 解析并显示解析 DNS 查找所经过的路径：

  • 域名追踪器

安装它：

sudo apt-get install dnstracer

使用示例：

$ dnstracer www.cnn.com
Tracing to www.cnn.com[a] via 193.136.188.1, maximum of 3 retries
193.136.188.1 (193.136.188.1) Got answer [received type is cname] 
 |\___ ns1.fastly.net [fastly.net] (23.235.32.32) 
 |\___ ns4.fastly.net [fastly.net] (104.156.84.32) 
 |\___ ns3.fastly.net [fastly.net] (23.235.36.32) 
  \___ ns2.fastly.net [fastly.net] (104.156.80.32) 

NAME
       dnstracer - trace a chain of DNS servers to the source


DESCRIPTION
       dnstracer determines where a given Domain Name Server (DNS) gets its
       information from, and follows the chain of DNS servers back to the
       servers which know the data.
  • nslookup 的调试模式

例子：

$ nslookup
> set debug
> www.cnn.com
Server:     193.136.188.1
Address:    193.136.188.1#53

------------
    QUESTIONS:
    www.cnn.com, type = A, class = IN
    ANSWERS:
    ->  www.cnn.com
    canonical name = turner.map.fastly.net.
    ttl = 191
    ->  turner.map.fastly.net
    internet address = 151.101.36.73
    ttl = 30
    AUTHORITY RECORDS:
    ->  fastly.net
    nameserver = ns2.fastly.net.
    ttl = 13130
    ->  fastly.net
    nameserver = ns3.fastly.net.
    ttl = 13130
    ->  fastly.net
    nameserver = ns4.fastly.net.
    ttl = 13130
    ->  fastly.net
    nameserver = ns1.fastly.net.
    ttl = 13130
    ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
    ->  ns1.fastly.net
    internet address = 23.235.32.32
    ttl = 13130
    ->  ns2.fastly.net
    internet address = 104.156.80.32
    ttl = 13130
    ->  ns3.fastly.net
    internet address = 23.235.36.32
    ttl = 13130
    ->  ns4.fastly.net
    internet address = 104.156.84.32
    ttl = 13130
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
www.cnn.com canonical name = turner.map.fastly.net.
Name:   turner.map.fastly.net
Address: 151.101.36.73
  • 挖掘追踪

例子：

$ dig +trace +recurse +all www.cnn.com. a

; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> +trace +recurse +all www.cnn.com. a
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37660
;; flags: qr ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;.              IN  NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
.           456885  IN  NS  j.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  k.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  l.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  m.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  a.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  b.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  c.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  d.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  e.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  f.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  g.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  h.root-servers.net.
.           456885  IN  NS  i.root-servers.net.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
a.root-servers.net. 543296  IN  A   198.41.0.4
a.root-servers.net. 111296  IN  AAAA    2001:503:ba3e::2:30
b.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   192.228.79.201
b.root-servers.net. 111296  IN  AAAA    2001:500:84::b
c.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   192.33.4.12
c.root-servers.net. 111296  IN  AAAA    2001:500:2::c
d.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   199.7.91.13
d.root-servers.net. 111296  IN  AAAA    2001:500:2d::d
e.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   192.203.230.10
f.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   192.5.5.241
f.root-servers.net. 111296  IN  AAAA    2001:500:2f::f
g.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   192.112.36.4
h.root-servers.net. 604618  IN  A   198.97.190.53

;; Query time: 22 msec
;; SERVER: 10.19.90.11#53(10.19.90.11)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec  5 18:06:06 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 496

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16113
;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 14

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.cnn.com.           IN  A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
com.            172800  IN  NS  k.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  f.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  e.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  g.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  j.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  h.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  m.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  b.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  i.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  a.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  d.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  c.gtld-servers.net.
com.            172800  IN  NS  l.gtld-servers.net.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
a.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.5.6.30
b.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.33.14.30
c.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.26.92.30
d.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.31.80.30
e.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.12.94.30
f.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.35.51.30
g.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.42.93.30
h.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.54.112.30
i.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.43.172.30
j.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.48.79.30
k.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.52.178.30
l.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.41.162.30
m.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  A   192.55.83.30
a.gtld-servers.net. 172800  IN  AAAA    2001:503:a83e::2:30

;; Query time: 196 msec
;; SERVER: 192.112.36.4#53(192.112.36.4)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec  5 18:06:07 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 489

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 44429
;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 10, ADDITIONAL: 6

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.cnn.com.           IN  A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns3.ultradns.org.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns4.ultradns.org.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns1.ultradns.net.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns2.ultradns.net.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns5.ultradns.info.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  pdns6.ultradns.co.uk.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  ns-47.awsdns-05.com.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  ns-576.awsdns-08.net.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  ns-1630.awsdns-11.co.uk.
cnn.com.        172800  IN  NS  ns-1086.awsdns-07.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
pdns1.ultradns.net. 172800  IN  AAAA    2001:502:f3ff::1
pdns1.ultradns.net. 172800  IN  A   204.74.108.1
pdns2.ultradns.net. 172800  IN  A   204.74.109.1
pdns2.ultradns.net. 172800  IN  AAAA    2610:a1:1014::1
ns-47.awsdns-05.com.    172800  IN  A   205.251.192.47
ns-576.awsdns-08.net.   172800  IN  A   205.251.194.64

;; Query time: 58 msec
;; SERVER: 192.31.80.30#53(192.31.80.30)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec  5 18:06:07 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 445

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47226
;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.cnn.com.           IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.cnn.com.        300 IN  CNAME   turner.map.fastly.net.

;; Query time: 64 msec
;; SERVER: 204.74.114.1#53(204.74.114.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec  5 18:06:07 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 64

答案2

您需要知道哪些名称服务器解析特定域的主机名。

如前所述，dig这是您正在寻找的命令。例如，如果您想知道谁解析 google.com 主机的名称，您应该发出以下命令：

dig google.com ns

返回以下结果：

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> google.com ns
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62331
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.                    IN      NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.             152786  IN      NS      ns4.google.com.
google.com.             152786  IN      NS      ns1.google.com.
google.com.             152786  IN      NS      ns3.google.com.
google.com.             152786  IN      NS      ns2.google.com.

;; Query time: 26 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.1.1#53(127.0.1.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec 05 17:35:07 CET 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 111

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