我从 Elementary OS 开始，然后转到 Ubuntu 16 LTS，现在我使用的是 Ubuntu 17.04。使用 Belkin Wifi USB 加密狗，我硬件上的所有操作系统的连接都会定期断开。唯一的解决方案是移除并重新插入加密狗，或者断开并重新连接到网络。我已经在 Ask Ubuntu 上尝试了其他一些解决方案，但都没有用。比如禁用 MAC 地址随机化并更新到最新版本。
以下是一些系统信息。
lsusb：
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 058f:5608 Alcor Micro Corp.
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 6080:8060
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 050d:1102 Belkin Components F7D1102 N150/Surf
Micro Wireless Adapter v1000 [Realtek RTL8188CUS]
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
lspci：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series SoC Transaction Register (rev 36)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCI Configuration Registers (rev 36)
00:03.0 Multimedia controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Imaging Unit (rev 36)
00:0b.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Power Management Controller (rev 36)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series USB xHCI Controller (rev 36)
00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Trusted Execution Engine (rev 36)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-
E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCU (rev 36)
更新
其他 WiFi 信息：
########## wireless info START ##########
Report from: 03 Nov 2017 10:57 CET +0100
Booted last: 03 Nov 2017 00:00 CET +0100
Script from: 25 Mar 2017 07:04 UTC +0000
##### release ###########################
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 17.04
Release: 17.04
Codename: zesty
##### kernel ############################
Linux 4.10.0-38-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 10 13:24:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7
##### desktop ###########################
Ubuntu
##### lspci #############################
##### lsusb #############################
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 058f:5608 Alcor Micro Corp.
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 6080:8060
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 050d:1102 Belkin Components F7D1102 N150/Surf Micro Wireless Adapter v1000 [Realtek RTL8188CUS]
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
##### PCMCIA card info ##################
##### rfkill ############################
0: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
##### lsmod #############################
snd_soc_rt5651 90112 0
snd_soc_rl6231 16384 1 snd_soc_rt5651
rtl8xxxu 126976 0
rtl8192cu 65536 0
rtl_usb 20480 1 rtl8192cu
rtl8192c_common 49152 1 rtl8192cu
rtlwifi 73728 3 rtl_usb,rtl8192c_common,rtl8192cu
mac80211 782336 4 rtl_usb,rtlwifi,rtl8192cu,rtl8xxxu
cfg80211 602112 2 mac80211,rtlwifi
snd_soc_core 233472 2 snd_soc_sst_mfld_platform,snd_soc_rt5651
snd_pcm 102400 4 snd_pcm_dmaengine,snd_soc_sst_mfld_platform,snd_soc_core,snd_soc_rt5651
##### interfaces ########################
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
##### ifconfig ##########################
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback <MAC address> brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether <MAC 'wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>' [IF1]> brd <MAC address>
inet 192.168.15.100/24 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global dynamic wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>
valid_lft 86310sec preferred_lft 86310sec
inet6 fe80::e911:6e7c:e7cf:52e3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
##### iwconfig ##########################
lo no wireless extensions.
wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"QUANTIS"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz Access Point: <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]>
Bit Rate=150 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm
Retry short limit:7 RTS thr=2347 B Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=62/70 Signal level=-48 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:13 Missed beacon:0
##### route #############################
default via 192.168.15.1 dev wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> proto static metric 600
169.254.0.0/16 dev wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> scope link metric 1000
192.168.15.0/24 dev wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> proto kernel scope link src 192.168.15.100 metric 600
##### resolv.conf #######################
nameserver 127.0.0.53
##### network managers ##################
Installed:
NetworkManager
Running:
root 794 1 0 10:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
##### NetworkManager info ###############
GENERAL.DEVICE: wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>
GENERAL.TYPE: wifi
GENERAL.NM-TYPE: NMDeviceWifi
GENERAL.VENDOR: Realtek
GENERAL.PRODUCT: 802.11n WLAN Adapter
GENERAL.DRIVER: rtl8192cu
GENERAL.DRIVER-VERSION: 4.10.0-38-generic
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-VERSION: N/A
GENERAL.HWADDR: <MAC 'wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>' [IF1]>
GENERAL.MTU: 0
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.REASON: 0 (No reason given)
GENERAL.UDI: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>
GENERAL.IP-IFACE: wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>
GENERAL.IS-SOFTWARE: no
GENERAL.NM-MANAGED: yes
GENERAL.AUTOCONNECT: yes
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-MISSING: no
GENERAL.NM-PLUGIN-MISSING: no
GENERAL.PHYS-PORT-ID: --
GENERAL.CONNECTION: QUANTIS
GENERAL.CON-UUID: 0300df10-cf62-48ea-896c-3aee751a7001
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0
GENERAL.METERED: no (guessed)
CAPABILITIES.CARRIER-DETECT: no
CAPABILITIES.SPEED: 150 Mb/s
CAPABILITIES.IS-SOFTWARE: no
WIFI-PROPERTIES.WEP: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.WPA: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.WPA2: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.TKIP: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.CCMP: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.AP: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.ADHOC: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.2GHZ: yes
WIFI-PROPERTIES.5GHZ: no
CONNECTIONS.AVAILABLE-CONNECTION-PATHS: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/{0}
CONNECTIONS.AVAILABLE-CONNECTIONS[1]: 0300df10-cf62-48ea-896c-3aee751a7001 | QUANTIS
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.15.100/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.15.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 169.254.0.0/16, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 1000
IP4.DNS[1]: 8.8.8.8
IP4.DNS[2]: 8.8.4.4
DHCP4.OPTION[1]: requested_routers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[2]: requested_domain_search = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[3]: requested_time_offset = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[4]: requested_domain_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[5]: requested_rfc3442_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[6]: requested_broadcast_address = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[7]: requested_netbios_scope = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[8]: requested_wpad = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[9]: next_server = 0.0.0.0
DHCP4.OPTION[10]: expiry = 1509789354
DHCP4.OPTION[11]: requested_interface_mtu = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[12]: requested_subnet_mask = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[13]: dhcp_lease_time = 86400
DHCP4.OPTION[14]: dhcp_message_type = 5
DHCP4.OPTION[15]: ip_address = 192.168.15.100
DHCP4.OPTION[16]: requested_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[17]: requested_domain_name_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[18]: routers = 192.168.15.1
DHCP4.OPTION[19]: broadcast_address = 192.168.15.255
DHCP4.OPTION[20]: requested_ntp_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[21]: requested_netbios_name_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[22]: domain_name_servers = 192.168.0.1
DHCP4.OPTION[23]: requested_ms_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[24]: subnet_mask = 255.255.255.0
DHCP4.OPTION[25]: network_number = 192.168.15.0
DHCP4.OPTION[26]: requested_host_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[27]: dhcp_server_identifier = 192.168.15.1
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::e911:6e7c:e7cf:52e3/64
IP6.GATEWAY:
SSID BSSID MODE CHAN FREQ RATE SIGNAL BARS SECURITY ACTIVE *
QUANTIS <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]> Infra 3 2422 MHz 54 Mbit/s 70 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2 yes *
##### NetworkManager.state ##############
[main]
NetworkingEnabled=true
WirelessEnabled=true
WWANEnabled=true
##### NetworkManager.conf ###############
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ifupdown]
managed=false
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
##### NetworkManager profiles ###########
[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/QUANTIS]] (600 root)
[connection] id=QUANTIS | type=wifi | permissions=
[wifi] mac-address=<MAC 'wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>' [IF1]> | mac-address-blacklist= | ssid=QUANTIS
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto
##### iw reg get ########################
Region: Europe/Madrid (based on set time zone)
global
country 00: DFS-UNSET
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A)
(2457 - 2482 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(2474 - 2494 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, NO-IR
(5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(5490 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, NO-IR
(5735 - 5835 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-IR
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)
##### iwlist channels ###################
lo no frequency information.
wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> 13 channels in total; available frequencies :
Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz
Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz
Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz
Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz
Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz
Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz
Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz
Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz
Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz
Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz
Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz
Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz
Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz
Current Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3)
##### iwlist scan #######################
lo Interface doesn't support scanning.
Channel occupancy:
1 APs on Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3)
wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]> Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]>
Channel:3
Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3)
Quality=60/70 Signal level=-50 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"QUANTIS"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000000027f1aacf
Extra: Last beacon: 16ms ago
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
##### module infos ######################
[rtl8xxxu]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl8xxxu/rtl8xxxu.ko
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723bu_bt.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723bu_nic.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192eu_nic.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_TMSC.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_B.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_A.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723aufw_B_NoBT.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723aufw_B.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723aufw_A.bin
license: GPL
description: RTL8XXXu USB mac80211 Wireless LAN Driver
author: Jes Sorensen <[email protected]>
srcversion: 4579E6203C3D3D3D7D7B53E
depends: mac80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
parm: debug:Set debug mask (int)
parm: ht40_2g:Enable HT40 support on the 2.4GHz band (bool)
parm: dma_aggregation:Enable DMA packet aggregation (bool)
parm: dma_agg_timeout:Set DMA aggregation timeout (range 1-127) (int)
parm: dma_agg_pages:Set DMA aggregation pages (range 1-127, 0 to disable) (int)
[rtl8192cu]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl8192cu/rtl8192cu.ko
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_TMSC.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_B.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_A.bin
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw.bin
description: Realtek 8192C/8188C 802.11n USB wireless
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Ziv Huang <[email protected]>
author: Georgia <[email protected]>
srcversion: 72438BA624FED2B5E5FCBF6
depends: mac80211,rtlwifi,rtl8192c-common,rtl_usb
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
parm: swenc:Set to 1 for software crypto (default 0)
(bool)
parm: debug:Set debug level (0-5) (default 0) (int)
[rtl_usb]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl_usb.ko
description: USB basic driver for rtlwifi
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: lizhaoming <[email protected]>
srcversion: 4BD8945CF1E356CE23926B3
depends: mac80211,rtlwifi
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
[rtl8192c_common]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl8192c/rtl8192c-common.ko
description: Realtek 8192C/8188C 802.11n PCI wireless
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Ziv Huang <[email protected]>
author: Georgia <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: lizhaoming <[email protected]>
srcversion: 137A358D6D5739FE3E9DA67
depends: rtlwifi
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
[rtlwifi]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtlwifi.ko
description: Realtek 802.11n PCI wireless core
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: lizhaoming <[email protected]>
srcversion: 884DE3F31278351A45DA409
depends: mac80211,cfg80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
[mac80211]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko
license: GPL
description: IEEE 802.11 subsystem
srcversion: 309C9ACED540FCAA1DE7422
depends: cfg80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
parm: minstrel_vht_only:Use only VHT rates when VHT is supported by sta. (bool)
parm: max_nullfunc_tries:Maximum nullfunc tx tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: max_probe_tries:Maximum probe tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: beacon_loss_count:Number of beacon intervals before we decide beacon was lost. (int)
parm: probe_wait_ms:Maximum time(ms) to wait for probe response before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: ieee80211_default_rc_algo:Default rate control algorithm for mac80211 to use (charp)
[cfg80211]
filename: /lib/modules/4.10.0-38-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko
description: wireless configuration support
license: GPL
author: Johannes Berg
srcversion: D77C8F93375950F3BA95B16
depends:
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.10.0-38-generic SMP mod_unload
parm: bss_entries_limit:limit to number of scan BSS entries (per wiphy, default 1000) (int)
parm: ieee80211_regdom:IEEE 802.11 regulatory domain code (charp)
parm: cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz:Disable 40MHz support in the 2.4GHz band (bool)
##### module parameters #################
grep: /sys/module/rtl8xxxu/parameters/debug: Permission denied
grep: /sys/module/rtl8xxxu/parameters/dma_agg_pages: Permission denied
grep: /sys/module/rtl8xxxu/parameters/dma_aggregation: Permission denied
grep: /sys/module/rtl8xxxu/parameters/dma_agg_timeout: Permission denied
grep: /sys/module/rtl8xxxu/parameters/ht40_2g: Permission denied
[rtl8xxxu]
[rtl8192cu]
debug: 0
swenc: N
[mac80211]
beacon_loss_count: 7
ieee80211_default_rc_algo: minstrel_ht
max_nullfunc_tries: 2
max_probe_tries: 5
minstrel_vht_only: Y
probe_wait_ms: 500
[cfg80211]
bss_entries_limit: 1000
cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz: N
ieee80211_regdom: 00
##### /etc/modules ######################
##### modprobe options ##################
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
blacklist ath_pci
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
blacklist evbug
blacklist usbmouse
blacklist usbkbd
blacklist eepro100
blacklist de4x5
blacklist eth1394
blacklist snd_intel8x0m
blacklist snd_aw2
blacklist i2c_i801
blacklist prism54
blacklist bcm43xx
blacklist garmin_gps
blacklist asus_acpi
blacklist snd_pcsp
blacklist pcspkr
blacklist amd76x_edac
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf]
alias net-pf-3 off
alias net-pf-6 off
alias net-pf-9 off
alias net-pf-11 off
alias net-pf-12 off
alias net-pf-19 off
alias net-pf-21 off
alias net-pf-36 off
[/etc/modprobe.d/intel-microcode-blacklist.conf]
blacklist microcode
[/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf]
remove iwlwifi \
(/sbin/lsmod | grep -o -e ^iwlmvm -e ^iwldvm -e ^iwlwifi | xargs /sbin/rmmod) \
&& /sbin/modprobe -r mac80211
[/etc/modprobe.d/mlx4.conf]
softdep mlx4_core post: mlx4_en
##### rc.local ##########################
grep: /etc/rc.local: No such file or directory
##### pm-utils ##########################
##### udev rules ########################
##### dmesg #############################
[ 5.042384] rtl8192cu: Chip version 0x10
[ 5.097096] rtl8192cu: Board Type 0
[ 5.097202] rtl_usb: rx_max_size 15360, rx_urb_num 8, in_ep 1
[ 5.097314] rtl8192cu: Loading firmware rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_TMSC.bin
[ 5.109665] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'rtl_rc'
[ 5.785288] rtl8192cu 1-1:1.0 wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: renamed from wlan0
[ 8.163576] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: link is not ready
[ 8.166813] rtl8192cu: MAC auto ON okay!
[ 8.182147] rtl8192cu: Tx queue select: 0x05
[ 8.575249] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: link is not ready (repeated 2 times)
[ 10.644121] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: authenticate with <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]>
[ 10.668908] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: send auth to <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 10.691602] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: authenticated
[ 10.696077] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: associate with <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 10.705513] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: RX AssocResp from <MAC 'QUANTIS' [AC1]> (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=6)
[ 10.706837] wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: associated
[ 10.707030] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlx<IF from MAC [IF1]>: link becomes ready
########## wireless info END ############
答案1
升级到 Ubuntu 17.10 解决了 Wifi 问题以及许多其他问题。现在我不再需要加密狗，因为内置 Wifi 工作正常。加密狗和内置 Wifi 都运行正常。