在过去的一周里，我的 Ubuntu 启动时间从大约 50 秒缩短到了 5 分钟。
我尝试过dmesg，以下消息在日志中多次显示。我如何解决它？
[ 101.186141] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x70 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 101.186148] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
[ 101.186153] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 101.186167] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:20:f0:ab:18/00:00:64:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq 4096 in
res 41/40:00:f0:ab:18/00:00:64:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
[ 101.186168] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 101.186169] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 180.868343] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 180.868344] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 180.868346] ata1.00: cmd 60/f8:78:00:66:70/00:00:74:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq 126976 in
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[180.868347] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[80.868348] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
180.868351] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:80:80:a8:98/00:00:64:00:00/40 tag 16 ncq 4096 in
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
smartmontools 输出
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-53-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Samsung SpinPoint M8 (AF)
Device Model: ST1000LM024 HN-M101MBB
Serial Number: S2Y9J9AD713451
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0004cf 20aa6a576
Firmware Version: 2AR20002
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Thu Dec 8 17:38:07 2016 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (13380) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 223) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 051 Pre-fail Always - 1260
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0027 252 252 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0023 089 082 025 Pre-fail Always - 3454
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 068 068 000 Old_age Always - 32547
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 252 252 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002f 252 252 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0025 252 252 015 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6311
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 252 252 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 328
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 3027
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5811877
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 252 252 010 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 252 252 048 Pre-fail Always - 0
186 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 728
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0002 062 049 040 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 19/51)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 209
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 124383
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 062 049 000 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 19/51)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 252 252 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 252 252 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0036 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x002a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 9894
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1209 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 1209 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Completed [00% left] (0-65535)
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
看起来那个驱动器快要死了。我敢打赌它也会发出奇怪的嘎吱声。 （它来自于磁头反复移动，因为驱动器试图重新读取数据，而它无法在没有不可纠正的错误的情况下读取数据。）
尽快从该驱动器复制您的个人文件，然后更换该驱动器。它可能很快就会发生灾难性的失败，然后就根本无法工作。
如果驱动器支持 SMART 并且您安装了 smartmontools，则可以运行sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda并在此处报告结果。根据结果，您可以运行长时间的离线检查（可能需要一两个小时，具体取决于磁盘大小）以准确找出驱动器的状态，但根据我的经验，我敢打赌它快要死了。唯一的问题是它彻底失败的速度有多快。