我的电脑是一台有点老旧的联想 Ideacenter K410 塔式机。它最初预装了 Win7。我将操作系统更新为 Xubuntu 16.04 LTS，并且已经使用了 2 年多，但最近才更新到 17.10.1。我尝试使用 USB 音频接口，每次插入时，似乎都会冻结电脑上的所有音频。我尝试在设备插入和拔出的情况下重新启动，结果都是音频冻结。所以我尝试了以下操作：
sudo apt-get remove alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get purge alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo start-pulseaudio-x11 start
这些似乎都无法解决音频问题。现在音频似乎勉强能用，但听起来像混响始终开启，或者环绕声始终开启。我无法完整地听清 mp3 歌曲文件 - 我听到了吉他、鼓声，但歌手的声音听起来像是在另一个频道。Youtube 播放的声音听起来像是在水下，有潺潺的水声。这真的很奇怪。
因此，我升级到 Xubuntu 17.10.1 的原因在于，我以为升级到较新的版本可以解决上述音频问题。但事实并非如此。音频仍然像以前一样。
我主要使用插入前面的 2 声道耳机，但主板背面有 5.1 音频输出，我很少使用。
以下是使用以下终端命令的输出：
$ sudo aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC662 rev3 Analog [ALC662 rev3 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
---------------------------
$ sudo lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio"
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Lenovo 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 30
Memory at f7d00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [130] Root Complex Link
---------------------------
$ cat /proc/asound/version
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version k4.13.0-32-generic.
--------------------------
$ cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec
Codec: Realtek ALC662 rev3
Codec: Intel CougarPoint HDMI
-------------------------
$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
HDA Intel PCH at 0xf7d00000 irq 30
1 [U0x46d0x9a4 ]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x9a4
USB Device 0x46d:0x9a4 at usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.4, high speed
-------------------------
$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 005: ID 045e:0745 Microsoft Corp. Nano Transceiver v1.0 for Bluetooth
Bus 002 Device 006: ID 0480:0212 Toshiba America Inc
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:0184 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5182 Card Reader
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:09a4 Logitech, Inc. QuickCam E 3500
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0764:0501 Cyber Power System, Inc. CP1500 AVR UPS
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
-------------------------
$ pactl list short sources
0 alsa_input.usb-046d_09a4_1D90F520-02.analog-mono module-alsa-card.c s16le 1ch 16000Hz SUSPENDED
1 alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 44100Hz SUSPENDED
-------------------------
$ pactl list short sinks
0 alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 44100Hz SUSPENDED
-------------------------
$ pacmd list-sinks
1 sink(s) available.
* index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 9959
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max request: 0 KiB
max rewind: 0 KiB
monitor source: 1
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 371.52 ms
card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 7
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALC662 rev3 Analog"
alsa.id = "ALC662 rev3 Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xf7d00000 irq 30"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "1c20"
device.product.name = "6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC662 rev3"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0662,17aa3653,00100300 HDA:80862805,80860101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9000, latency offset 0 usec, available: yes)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
active port: <analog-output-headphones>
---------------------------------
任何帮助都会得到谦卑而慷慨的接受。由于过去 2 年多来我一直只使用 Xubuntu，如果没有 AskUbuntu 的帮助，我真的无法坚持下去。感谢大家多年来提供的所有答案。
那么。我的音频出了什么问题？为什么播放所有内容时我听到的声音都像混响？我没有添加任何类型的音频效果。
根据此处提供的说明，我正在考虑编辑以下文件： https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1043568
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
# add at the very bottom of the page
options snd-hda-intel model=lenovo-3000 position_fix=1
如果问题得到解决，我将发布更新。
更新（1-2018）：
- 我应用了以下编辑：
- sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
- << 在页面最底部添加 >>
- 选项 snd-hda-intel 型号=lenovo 3stack-6ch-dig position_fix=1
我发现如果我调整平衡（使用 GNOME Alsa Mixer 或 Qasmixer）到最右或最左，音频听起来正确且居中，混响和水下效果消失，甚至 Youtube 视频听起来也很正确。
不确定此更新是否是众所周知的修复。我的意思是，为什么我需要一直向右或向左调整平衡？
新更新 (2-2018)：
我刚刚发现音频效果只用耳机就很好，但是使用 PC 扬声器时，只有左声道可以工作。使用 PC 扬声器时，右声道完全无用。