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当互联网无法正常工作时如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 上安装软件包

tag-icon • tag-icon apt 18.04 internet
当互联网无法正常工作时如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 上安装软件包

我刚刚安装了 Kubuntu 18.04。无线或有线连接都无法使用，甚至无法显示。我发现有人建议通过 apt 安装专有驱动程序包 bcmwl-kernel-source。如果那台机器无法访问互联网，我该如何操作？我在第二台机器上刚刚安装了相同的系统，并且有可用的 wifi。

尝试了给出的答案，但是虽然校验和正确，但我收到以下错误：

drsnuggles@DrSnugglesLaboratory:~/Downloads$ sha1sum /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/*
6597a27d6fe69bc9aad2a934e90b64a40949f893  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb
c7b26a0e9b086afdcd81bb02a4cbe12646dade91  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/build-essential_12.4ubuntu1_amd64.deb
aa73940acee518d1201f7f03f8e471c3546da489  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/dkms_2.3-3ubuntu9_all.deb
5aabcfc6381dcbd005200c0f27e1ecd9f95339b4  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/dpkg-dev_1.19.0.5ubuntu2_all.deb
78bd55a38243cf1b0f5550149a76032428f603cb  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/fakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
98d89e48ca219bdee6f7d618a1a36db703bd3ac0  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/g++_7.3.0-3ubuntu2_amd64.deb
194c6c5f50cabd7cd8d5680143a6335224ee1abe  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/g++-7_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
a508abdf3f9ceeb09d65daeca63871225792a3b4  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/gcc_7.3.0-3ubuntu2_amd64.deb
d3805cffc3ce54d85144b4bf6841d024964a996e  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/gcc-7_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
787fadec1dbb5d6775d76126090d502946a1b7fc  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libalgorithm-diff-perl_1.19.03-1_all.deb
2fa938adbdda45393740b7c1d146367657aec4f6  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl_0.04-5_amd64.deb
869e827a5cd5d7951de2b9f20e3fa29c69fc8bc5  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libalgorithm-merge-perl_0.08-3_all.deb
b6d3552f6e43cfee7ae3e455394e4303b958bde9  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libasan4_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
5413fc08d8dbf76f49276f14c06a965967a0a53d  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libatomic1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
7b948442903694a1211c96809b8f17ca0be542a0  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libc6-dev_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libc-dev-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libcilkrts5_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libfakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libgcc-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libitm1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/liblsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libmpx2_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libquadmath0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libstdc++-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libtsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/libubsan0_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/linux-libc-dev_4.15.0-39.42_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709  /home/drsnuggles/Downloads/manpages-dev_4.15-1_all.deb
drsnuggles@DrSnugglesLaboratory:~/Downloads$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
(Reading database ... 181033 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4) over (6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4) ...
Preparing to unpack build-essential_12.4ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking build-essential (12.4ubuntu1) over (12.4ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack dkms_2.3-3ubuntu9_all.deb ...
Unpacking dkms (2.3-3ubuntu9) over (2.3-3ubuntu9) ...
Preparing to unpack dpkg-dev_1.19.0.5ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking dpkg-dev (1.19.0.5ubuntu2) over (1.19.0.5ubuntu2) ...
Preparing to unpack fakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking fakeroot (1.22-2ubuntu1) over (1.22-2ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack g++_7.3.0-3ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking g++ (4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2) over (4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2) ...
Preparing to unpack g++-7_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking g++-7 (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) over (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) ...
Preparing to unpack gcc_7.3.0-3ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc (4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2) over (4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2) ...
Preparing to unpack gcc-7_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-7 (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) over (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) ...
Preparing to unpack libalgorithm-diff-perl_1.19.03-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libalgorithm-diff-perl (1.19.03-1) over (1.19.03-1) ...
Preparing to unpack libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl_0.04-5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl (0.04-5) over (0.04-5) ...
Preparing to unpack libalgorithm-merge-perl_0.08-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking libalgorithm-merge-perl (0.08-3) over (0.08-3) ...
Preparing to unpack libasan4_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libasan4:amd64 (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) over (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) ...
Preparing to unpack libatomic1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libatomic1:amd64 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) over (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ...
Preparing to unpack libc6-dev_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
dpkg-deb: error: 'libc-dev-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libc-dev-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libcilkrts5_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libcilkrts5_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libfakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libfakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libgcc-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libgcc-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libitm1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libitm1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'liblsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive liblsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libmpx2_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libmpx2_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libquadmath0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libquadmath0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libstdc++-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libstdc++-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libtsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libtsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'libubsan0_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive libubsan0_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'linux-libc-dev_4.15.0-39.42_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive linux-libc-dev_4.15.0-39.42_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb: error: 'manpages-dev_4.15-1_all.deb' is not a Debian format archive
dpkg: error processing archive manpages-dev_4.15-1_all.deb (--install):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of bcmwl-kernel-source:
 bcmwl-kernel-source depends on linux-libc-dev; however:
  Package linux-libc-dev is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package bcmwl-kernel-source (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of build-essential:
 build-essential depends on make; however:
  Package make is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package build-essential (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of dkms:
 dkms depends on make | build-essential; however:
  Package make is not installed.
  Package build-essential is not configured yet.
 dkms depends on patch; however:
  Package patch is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package dkms (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of dpkg-dev:
 dpkg-dev depends on libdpkg-perl (= 1.19.0.5ubuntu2); however:
  Package libdpkg-perl is not installed.
 dpkg-dev depends on patch (>= 2.7); however:
  Package patch is not installed.
 dpkg-dev depends on make; however:
  Package make is not installed.
 dpkg-dev depends on binutils; however:
  Package binutils is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package dpkg-dev (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fakeroot:
 fakeroot depends on libfakeroot (>= 1.22-2ubuntu1); however:
  Package libfakeroot is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package fakeroot (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of g++-7:
 g++-7 depends on libstdc++-7-dev (= 7.3.0-16ubuntu3); however:
  Package libstdc++-7-dev is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package g++-7 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gcc-7:
 gcc-7 depends on binutils (>= 2.30); however:
  Package binutils is not installed.
 gcc-7 depends on libgcc-7-dev (= 7.3.0-16ubuntu3); however:
  Package libgcc-7-dev is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package gcc-7 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libalgorithm-diff-perl (1.19.03-1) ...
Setting up libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl (0.04-5) ...
Setting up libalgorithm-merge-perl (0.08-3) ...
Setting up libasan4:amd64 (7.3.0-16ubuntu3) ...
Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (8-20180414-1ubuntu2) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libc6-dev:amd64:
 libc6-dev:amd64 depends on libc-dev-bin (= 2.27-3ubuntu1); however:
  Package libc-dev-bin is not installed.
 libc6-dev:amd64 depends on linux-libc-dev; however:
  Package linux-libc-dev is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libc6-dev:amd64 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of g++:
 g++ depends on g++-7 (>= 7.3.0-12~); however:
  Package g++-7 is not configured yet.
 g++ depends on gcc-7 (>= 7.3.0-12~); however:
  Package gcc-7 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package g++ (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gcc:
 gcc depends on gcc-7 (>= 7.3.0-12~); however:
  Package gcc-7 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package gcc (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libc-dev-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb
 libcilkrts5_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
 libfakeroot_1.22-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
 libgcc-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
 libitm1_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
 liblsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
 libmpx2_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
 libquadmath0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
 libstdc++-7-dev_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
 libtsan0_8-20180414-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
 libubsan0_7.3.0-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb
 linux-libc-dev_4.15.0-39.42_amd64.deb
 make_4.1-9.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
 manpages-dev_4.15-1_all.deb
 bcmwl-kernel-source
 build-essential
 dkms
 dpkg-dev
 fakeroot
 g++-7
 gcc-7
 libc6-dev:amd64
 g++
 gcc

答案1

bcmwl-kernel-source可以通过模拟命令显示所需的包apt install...

apt -s install bcmwl-kernel-source
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
.
.
.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bcmwl-kernel-source build-essential dkms dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-7 gcc gcc-7 libalgorithm-diff-perl
  libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan4 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libfakeroot
  libgcc-7-dev libitm1 liblsan0 libmpx2 libquadmath0 libstdc++-7-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev

您将需要“将安装以下新软件包”下列出的所有软件包。

在可以上网的电脑上下载所有这些软件包。以下是所有 URL，以方便您操作...

在每个页面上向下滚动，然后单击所需软件包的体系结构（可能是 amd64）。在下一页上，选择离您最近的镜像之一（例如，http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb）。

下载每个 *.deb 文件。

下载完所有 *.deb 文件后，使用拇指驱动器将它们复制到没有互联网访问的计算机上。

然后，使用以下方式安装软件包...

dpkg -i *.deb

（可能需要多运行几次上述命令，直到所有依赖包都安装完毕，并且bcmwl-kernel-source可以无错误地安装）。

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