MySQL 8 启动失败：插件初始化因错误“一般错误”而中止

Question

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables在我的 Ubuntu 桌面（我的电脑，不是服务器）上运行后出现以下错误：

2019-03-11T09:43:13.463024Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.15)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
2019-03-11T09:46:23.705247Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.15) starting as process 3141
2019-03-11T09:46:23.717873Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-012935] [InnoDB] Database upgrade cannot be accomplished in read-only mode.
2019-03-11T09:46:23.717884Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-012930] [InnoDB] Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error.
2019-03-11T09:46:23.717906Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011013] [Server] Failed to initialize DD Storage Engine.
2019-03-11T09:46:23.718040Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2019-03-11T09:46:23.718101Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2019-03-11T09:46:23.718366Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.15)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

my.cnf看起来是这样的：

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

[mysqld]
innodb_force_recovery = 6
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10M
innodb_log_file_size = 1000M

我已经备份了/var/lib/mysql包含重要数据的目录，但我也想进行 mysql 转储。

我如何以最小的方式启动 mysql 服务器以便可以导出数据库？