在我这样做之后sudo apt upgrade，我的 Xubuntu 16.04.06 LTS 上的任何浏览器都无法再检测到麦克风。下拉菜单中唯一的选项是“无可用”（唯一的例外是 Firefox，它会拾取内置音频模拟立体声的监视器）
麦克风确实可以工作，并且被列为Built-in Audio Analog Stereo 港口：Front Microphone (unplugged)在音量控制中。那里没有任何变化，这与之前列出的完全一样。
如果我启用网络摄像头麦克风，其列为Webcam C250 Analog Mono 港口：Microphone，浏览器可以检测到它，但这不是我需要的。
只是浏览器，例如 Viber，可以毫无问题地使用前置麦克风。
pacmd的输出：
$ pacmd
Welcome to PulseAudio 8.0! Use "help" for usage information.
>>> list-sources
3 source(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo.monitor>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
state: RUNNING
suspend cause:
priority: 1950
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,00 ms
max rewind: 17 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 1
linked by: 1
fixed latency: 99,95 ms
monitor_of: 0
card: 2 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3>
module: 8
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd2140000 irq 131"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "a170"
device.product.name = "Sunrise Point-H HD Audio"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
* index: 1
name: <alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
state: RUNNING
suspend cause:
priority: 9959
volume: front-left: 65540 / 100% / 0,00 dB, front-right: 65540 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 6554 / 10% / -60,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,44 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 1
linked by: 1
fixed latency: 99,95 ms
card: 2 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3>
module: 8
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALC887-VD Analog"
alsa.id = "ALC887-VD Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd2140000 irq 131"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "a170"
device.product.name = "Sunrise Point-H HD Audio"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "17632"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "4408"
device.access_mode = "mmap"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC887-VD"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0887,104386c7,00100302 HDA:80862809,80860101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-input-front-mic: Front Microphone (priority 8500, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
analog-input-rear-mic: Rear Microphone (priority 8200, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
analog-input-linein: Line In (priority 8100, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
active port: <analog-input-front-mic>
index: 4
name: <alsa_input.usb-046d_0804_12B9C590-02.analog-mono>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
state: RUNNING
suspend cause:
priority: 9049
volume: mono: 65535 / 100% / -0,00 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 20724 / 32% / -30,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,49 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 1ch 48000Hz
channel map: mono
Mono
used by: 1
linked by: 1
fixed latency: 99,94 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.usb-046d_0804_12B9C590-02>
module: 6
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.id = "USB Audio"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "USB Device 0x46d:0x804"
alsa.long_card_name = "USB Device 0x46d:0x804 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, high speed"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.2"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.2/sound/card1"
udev.id = "usb-046d_0804_12B9C590-02"
device.bus = "usb"
device.vendor.id = "046d"
device.vendor.name = "Logitech, Inc."
device.product.id = "0804"
device.product.name = "Webcam C250"
device.serial = "046d_0804_12B9C590"
device.form_factor = "webcam"
device.string = "hw:1"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "9594"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "2398"
device.access_mode = "mmap"
device.profile.name = "analog-mono"
device.profile.description = "Analog Mono"
device.description = "Webcam C250 Analog Mono"
alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
alsa.components = "USB046d:0804"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "camera-web-usb"
ports:
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
active port: <analog-input-mic>
>>>
UPD。如果我可以强制将前置麦克风设置为已插入，也许可以解决问题。但我不知道该怎么做。插孔检测从未对我的台式机上的前置插孔起作用。系统始终可以顺利检测到后置插孔，但从来检测不到前置插孔。
UPD2。我安装了alsa-tools-gui，并将插孔检测覆盖为反向。这有帮助，但这只是一种解决方法。我希望有更持久的方法。