我有一个 NTFS 磁盘作为数据驱动器安装到 Ubuntu 系统（19.10）。
在过去的几天里，驱动器变得非常慢且不可靠。
日志（journalctl -r）显示以下内容：
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 54 to 53
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel changed from 46 to 47
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 188 Command_Timeout changed from 100 to 99
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 183 Runtime_Bad_Block changed from 97 to 96
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 41344 Offline uncorrectable sectors (changed +8)
...
Nov 20 15:23:39 acer smartd[1253]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 41344 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors (changed +8)
但是ntfsfix报告显示磁盘没有问题（我认为）
sudo ntfsfix -bd /dev/sdb1
Mounting volume... OK
Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully.
Checking the alternate boot sector... OK
NTFS volume version is 3.1.
Going to un-mark the bad clusters ($BadClus)... No bad clusters...OK
NTFS partition /dev/sdb1 was processed successfully.
- 还有其他方法可以检查该磁盘吗？
根据评论中的建议进行一些smartctl输出。
smartctl -data -A /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-5.3.0-23-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
[=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 079 078 006 Pre-fail Always - 168133076
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 094 092 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1209
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 093 093 036 Pre-fail Always - 9840
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 074 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 8648101443
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 073 073 000 Old_age Always - 24172
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1237
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 4
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 12019
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 099 098 000 Old_age Always - 11 26 26
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 047 042 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 53 (Min/Max 47/58 #91)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1217
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 3392
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 053 058 000 Old_age Always - 53 (0 18 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 41344
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 001 001 000 Old_age Offline - 41344
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 23784h+22m+27.579s
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 16322055947757
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 108452827544617
我不知道该如何准确解释它，但它看起来像是一些加热问题？
答案1
建议更换驱动器。
Smart 05 表示使用多少个备用扇区来替换坏扇区。RAW 值 9840 表示 9840 个扇区，也就是 4920KB。93 是标准化值，表示您仍有 93% 的备用扇区。
但同时 197 表示有 41344 个待处理扇区。待处理扇区并不一定意味着这些扇区是坏的，只是硬盘未能完全处理。（有时是因为断电前没有刷新）下次写入时，它要么返回到好扇区状态，要么转到 05 并由备用扇区替换。
不管怎样，41344 已经是 20MB 左右了。这已经太多了，意味着你的驱动器不稳定。
答案2
由于您已将数据备份到云中，我们可以将驱动器准备好以坏块的形式，这样......
用来
gparted建立一个新的 GPT 分区表（这将擦除驱动器）用于
gparted创建使用所有未分配空间的单个 ext4 分区（磁盘发生坏块后，您始终可以重新创建 NTFS 分区）
Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!
Note: do NOT bad block a SSD
Note: backup your important files FIRST!
Note: this will take many hours
Note: you may have a pending HDD failure
启动至 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB。
在terminal...
sudo fdisk -l# 识别所有“Linux 文件系统”分区
注意：确保您正确识别哪个驱动器有坏块...sdb1/etc。
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX# 只读测试
或者
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX# 非破坏性读写测试（受到推崇的）
-k 很重要，因为它会保存之前的坏块表，并将任何新的坏块添加到该表中。如果没有 -k，您将丢失所有之前的坏块信息。
-fccky 参数...
-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean.
-c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do a
read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
tory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block
scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.
-k When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
list.
-y Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
same time as the -n or -p options.
注意：如果坏阻塞导致驱动器不可用，请更换它。