我正在尝试在运行 Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS 的 64 位计算机上安装 apache-tomcat-9.0.33。我按照https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-tomcat-9-on-ubuntu-18-04/一切进行得很顺利，直到第 4 步快结束时。当我尝试启动 tomcat 时，我得到了以下信息：
~$ sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status tomcat.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
这些命令的输出表明问题是由不正确的权限引起的。
我执行了以下所有建议：
无法在 Ubuntu 16.04 上启动 Apache Tomcat 8.5.4
现在，/opt/tomcat/bin/ 中每个 .sh 文件的权限都设置为“-rwxr-xr-x”，并且该目录下的每个文件的所有者和组均为“tomcat”。此外，路径 /opt/tomcat/bin/ 中的每个目录的所有者和组权限均为“drwxr-xr-x”，而所有者和组权限均为“tomcat”。
我检查了 /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service 中给出的 JAVA_HOME 值与 printenv JAVA_HOME 给出的值相同。
启动还是失败。
我重新启动了机器，检查没有过时的 pid，然后重试，但启动失败：
~$ ps ax | grep tomcat
4795 tty2 Sl+ 0:16 gedit /home/coffeepot/Desktop/tomcat fail 1.txt
5379 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
~$ sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status tomcat.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
sudo systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2020-04-21 09:58:12 EDT; 15s ago
Process: 5233 ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/latest/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 5243 (code=exited, status=2)
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: Starting Apache Tomcat Web Application Container...
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Existing PID file found during start.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Tomcat started.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: Started Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
journalctl -xe
--
-- The result is RESULT.
Apr 21 09:58:11 m11 systemd[1]: Dependency failed for /mnt/28db1409-5a51-40d2-84ad-3b4496c805ec.
-- Subject: Unit mnt-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.mount has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit mnt-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.mount has failed.
--
-- The result is RESULT.
Apr 21 09:58:11 m11 systemd[1]: mnt-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.mount: Job mnt-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.mount/start failed with result 'dependency'.
Apr 21 09:58:11 m11 systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-28db1409\x2d5a51\x2d40d2\x2d84ad\x2d3b4496c805ec.device/start failed with
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 sudo[5230]: coffeepot : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/coffeepot ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl start tomcat
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 sudo[5230]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: Starting Apache Tomcat Web Application Container...
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has begun starting up.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Existing PID file found during start.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 startup.sh[5233]: Tomcat started.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: Started Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is RESULT.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 21 09:58:12 m11 sudo[5230]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
Apr 21 09:58:17 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:17 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:17 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:17 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:18 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:18 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:19 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:28 m11 sudo[5245]: coffeepot : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/coffeepot ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl status tomcat
Apr 21 09:58:28 m11 sudo[5245]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 21 09:58:28 m11 sudo[5245]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
Apr 21 09:58:43 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:43 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:43 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:43 m11 gnome-shell[4476]: Ignoring excess values in shadow definition
Apr 21 09:58:48 m11 PackageKit[1334]: get-updates transaction /1028_ecebadde from uid 1000 finished with success after 398ms
我遗漏了什么？如何让 tomcat 工作？
答案1
我找到了问题的原因。当我仔细查看 Catalina 日志时，我发现我在 JAVA_HOME 中的路径中添加了一个额外的斜杠，导致 Tomcat 无法找到 Java。