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从 18.04lts 升级到 20.04lts 后，几乎无法在终端中执行任何操作

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line upgrade dpkg 20.04
从 18.04lts 升级到 20.04lts 后，几乎无法在终端中执行任何操作

我最近将 Ubuntu 18.04lts 升级到了 20.04lts。现在，如果我尝试在终端中删除、清除或安装任何东西，我都会收到同样的错误。我对此感到很困惑，我在网上找到的所有方法都需要在终端中进行某种操作，但输出结果仍然相同。

dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic (--remove):
 installed linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping

Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

sudo apt update 的输出：

Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease               
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu focal InRelease     
Hit:4 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/Debian_10 ./ InRelease
Hit:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/lutris-team/lutris/ubuntu focal InRelease       
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [89.1 kB]
Hit:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages [2,004 B]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main i386 Packages [648 B]
Fetched 357 kB in 2s (224 kB/s)   
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.

sudo apt自动删除：

sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 8,402 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 211935 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic (4.15.0-88.88) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-88-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 35: /etc/default/grub: ^x: not found
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic (--remove):
 installed linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic package post-removal script subprocess 
returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我想我已经到了必须格式化硬盘并安装全新操作系统的地步。似乎我访问的每个线程都需要在终端中进行某种形式的工作。我在终端上所做的一切都行不通。除非有人知道一个 GUI 路由来修复它。

 cat /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

^x
x
X

答案1

我自己也遇到了同样的问题。出于某种原因，在 do-release-upgrade 之后，initramfs-tools 包似乎已损坏或行为异常。删除并重新安装该包似乎可以解决问题，因此：

sudo apt remove initramfs-tools
sudo apt install initramfs-tools

还要记得重新安装最新的内核，否则至少在我的情况下会导致 VFS 崩溃：

apt reinstall -f linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic

采取这些步骤可以帮助我在我们的 GitLab 安装中解决此问题。

我通常不使用 Ubuntu，因此可能有更好的方法来解决这个问题。

答案2

按照以下方法操作后问题解决Kulfy 的评论：

最后 3 行包含 GRUB 文件的非法条目。这就是 DPKG 所抱怨的。运行sudo nano /etc/default/grub，删除最后 3 行并保存文件。运行sudo dpkg --configure -a; sudo apt autoremove

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