[编辑：无法解决这个问题，现在使用不同的发行版。不要费心评论这个问题。感谢你们的帮助。]
我在 HP Chromebook 15 上安装了 Ubuntu 18.04。（不是通过 Crouton 或其他任何东西，而是真正安装了 Ubuntu。）我的内置扬声器、外置扬声器和耳机均未输出音频。我列表中唯一的输出设备是“虚拟输出”。任何帮助都将不胜感激。如果您需要任何硬件信息，请告诉我，我很乐意提供。虽然我知道这个问题之前已经有人问过，但我找到的所有答案都没有帮助。
以下是我已经尝试过的解决方案的几个链接：
重新启动 ALSA 没有帮助，附件是我在终端运行“alsamixer”时发生的情况的图片。图像
pacmd list-cards的输出如下：
index: 0
name: <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
owner module: 7
properties:
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd112c000 irq 126"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "9d71"
device.product.name = "Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
device.description = "Built-in Audio"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
profiles:
output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (priority 5400, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra1: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra1: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra1: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra2: Digital Stereo (HDMI 3) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra2: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra2: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra3: Digital Stereo (HDMI 4) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra3: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 4) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra3: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 4) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra4: Digital Stereo (HDMI 5) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra4: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 5) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra4: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 5) Output (priority 100, available: no)
off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
active profile: <off>
ports:
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority 5900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-1: HDMI / DisplayPort 2 (priority 5800, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-2: HDMI / DisplayPort 3 (priority 5700, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-3: HDMI / DisplayPort 4 (priority 5600, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-4: HDMI / DisplayPort 5 (priority 5500, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
这无济于事吗？我应该重新安装 ChromeOS 吗？
答案1
尝试运行modprobe --show-depends snd_hda_intel，如果它说
modprobe: FATAL: Module snd_hda_intel not found in directory /lib/modules...
那么你缺少包含这些内容的 linux-modules-extra 包。我认为它是在内核 4 和 5 之间引入的。如果是这样，那么这可能会有所帮助
sudo apt install linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)