我有一个带内置麦克风的 USB 网络摄像头。当我打开电脑时，麦克风不工作（在音量控制中我看不到麦克风输入计量条）。如果我拔下网络摄像头并重新插入，麦克风就会开始工作。
请注意，网络摄像头无需重新插入即可工作。
我在这里发现了类似的问题：USB 网络摄像头麦克风不工作，直到重新插入
我尝试评论这一行
加载模块模块空闲时挂起
在 /etc/pulse/default.pa 中，但这并不能解决我的问题。
我检查了重新插入之前和之后“pacmd list-sources”的输出，发现一些值似乎发生了奇怪的变化，但也许没关系，我不是这方面的专家......无论如何，这是“pacmd list-sources”输出的差异：
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< * index: 1
---
> * index: 2
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< current latency: 393355,61 ms
---
> current latency: 0,95 ms
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< card: 1 <alsa_card.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02>
< module: 8
---
> card: 2 <alsa_card.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02>
> module: 27
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< alsa.long_card_name = "AVEO Technology Corp. USB2.0 Camera at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.7, high speed"
---
> alsa.long_card_name = "AVEO Technology Corp. USB2.0 Camera at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.8, high speed"
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< device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.7:1.2"
< sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.7/2-1.7:1.2/sound/card1"
---
> device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.8:1.2"
> sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.8/2-1.8:1.2/sound/card1"
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< device.buffering.fragment_size = "96000"
---
> device.buffering.fragment_size = "482"
拔下之前“pacmd input-sources”的输出（麦克风不工作）：
2 source(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 1030
volume: front-left: 73454 / 112% / 2,97 dB, front-right: 73454 / 112% / 2,97 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,00 ms
max rewind: 64 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 371,52 ms; range is 0,50 .. 371,52 ms
monitor_of: 0
card: 0 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 7
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel MID"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel MID at 0xff87c000 irq 29"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "3b56"
device.product.name = "5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (OptiPlex 980)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
* index: 1
name: <alsa_input.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02.mono-fallback>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 9040
volume: mono: 64909 / 99% / -0,25 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 19201 / 29% / -31,99 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 393355,61 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 1ch 48000Hz
channel map: mono
Mono
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 2000,00 ms; range is 0,50 .. 2000,00 ms
card: 1 <alsa_card.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02>
module: 8
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.id = "USB Audio"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "USB2.0 Camera"
alsa.long_card_name = "AVEO Technology Corp. USB2.0 Camera at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.7, high speed"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.7:1.2"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.7/2-1.7:1.2/sound/card1"
udev.id = "usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02"
device.bus = "usb"
device.vendor.id = "1871"
device.vendor.name = "Aveo Technology Corp."
device.product.id = "0143"
device.product.name = "USB2.0 Camera"
device.serial = "AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera"
device.form_factor = "webcam"
device.string = "hw:1"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "192000"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "96000"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "mono-fallback"
device.profile.description = "Mono"
device.description = "USB2.0 Camera Mono"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "camera-web-usb"
ports:
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
active port: <analog-input-mic>
重新插入后“pacmd input-sources”输出（麦克风工作正常）：
2 source(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 1030
volume: front-left: 73454 / 112% / 2,97 dB, front-right: 73454 / 112% / 2,97 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,00 ms
max rewind: 64 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 371,52 ms; range is 0,50 .. 371,52 ms
monitor_of: 0
card: 0 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
module: 7
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel MID"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel MID at 0xff87c000 irq 29"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "3b56"
device.product.name = "5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (OptiPlex 980)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
* index: 2
name: <alsa_input.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02.mono-fallback>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 9040
volume: mono: 64909 / 99% / -0,25 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 19201 / 29% / -31,99 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,95 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 1ch 48000Hz
channel map: mono
Mono
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 2000,00 ms; range is 0,50 .. 2000,00 ms
card: 2 <alsa_card.usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02>
module: 27
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.id = "USB Audio"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "USB2.0 Camera"
alsa.long_card_name = "AVEO Technology Corp. USB2.0 Camera at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.8, high speed"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.8:1.2"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.8/2-1.8:1.2/sound/card1"
udev.id = "usb-AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera-02"
device.bus = "usb"
device.vendor.id = "1871"
device.vendor.name = "Aveo Technology Corp."
device.product.id = "0143"
device.product.name = "USB2.0 Camera"
device.serial = "AVEO_Technology_Corp._USB2.0_Camera"
device.form_factor = "webcam"
device.string = "hw:1"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "192000"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "482"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "mono-fallback"
device.profile.description = "Mono"
device.description = "USB2.0 Camera Mono"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "camera-web-usb"
ports:
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
active port: <analog-input-mic>
我该怎么做才能在不重新插入网络摄像头的情况下使用麦克风？