首先我安装了“alsa”，然后我必须使用以下命令将其删除：
sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base
，因为我得到“虚拟输出”作为音频输出。使用aplay -l我得到：
aplay: device_list:274: no soundcards found...
与lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio：
lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio
00:01.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Kabini HDMI/DP Audio [1002:9840]
Subsystem: Toshiba Corporation Kabini HDMI/DP Audio [1179:fa30]
00:02.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 16h Processor Function 0 [1022:1538]
00:02.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 16h Processor Functions 5:1 [1022:1439]
--
00:14.2 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH Azalia Controller [1022:780d] (rev 02)
Subsystem: Toshiba Corporation FCH Azalia Controller [1179:fa3c]
00:14.3 ISA bridge [0601]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge [1022:780e] (rev 11)
我读了很多关于这个主题的帖子，但没有一篇能帮助我解决这个问题。这是我尝试过的不同“选项”的总结：
sudo apt install --reinstall libasound2 libasound2-data libasound2-plugins alsa-base alsa-ucm-conf alsa-topology-conf alsa-utils
sudo apt-get install unity-control-center
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop