安装更新后，我突然发现所有程序都没有音频和视频播放。它在同一硬件上的另一个操作系统上运行正常。我也试过几张声卡，但都没有成功。
系统：
Linux land 6.2.0-26-generic #26~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu Jul 13 16:27:29 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我该如何调试？我甚至不知道从哪里开始。
我在 dmesg 中看到这个：
726.053889] INFO: task pulseaudio:4079 blocked for more than 241 seconds.
[ 726.053900] Not tainted 6.2.0-26-generic #26~22.04.1-Ubuntu
[ 726.053903] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 726.053905] task:pulseaudio state:D stack:0 pid:4079 ppid:3996 flags:0x00000002
[ 726.053913] Call Trace:
[ 726.053916] <TASK>
[ 726.053921] __schedule+0x2b7/0x5f0
[ 726.053933] ? snd_pcm_hw_rule_add+0x156/0x1b0 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.053963] schedule+0x68/0x110
[ 726.053969] schedule_preempt_disabled+0x15/0x30
[ 726.053975] __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x3d8/0x770
[ 726.053979] ? snd_pcm_hw_rule_add+0x156/0x1b0 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.054000] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13/0x20
[ 726.054004] mutex_lock+0x3e/0x50
[ 726.054008] dpcm_fe_dai_open+0x43/0x340 [snd_soc_core]
[ 726.054055] ? snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init.isra.0+0x4c0/0x580 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.054076] snd_pcm_open_substream+0x8d/0x170 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.054097] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xe/0x20
[ 726.054103] snd_pcm_open.part.0+0xe1/0x210 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.054123] ? __pfx_default_wake_function+0x10/0x10
[ 726.054129] snd_pcm_playback_open+0x56/0x90 [snd_pcm]
[ 726.054150] snd_open+0xb9/0x1f0 [snd]
[ 726.054168] chrdev_open+0xc4/0x250
[ 726.054172] ? fsnotify_perm.part.0+0x76/0x1a0
[ 726.054178] ? __pfx_chrdev_open+0x10/0x10
[ 726.054182] do_dentry_open+0x167/0x450
[ 726.054187] vfs_open+0x2d/0x40
[ 726.054191] do_open+0x235/0x4f0
[ 726.054197] ? open_last_lookups+0x9b/0x3c0
[ 726.054204] path_openat+0x11d/0x2a0
[ 726.054209] do_filp_open+0xb2/0x160
[ 726.054216] ? __check_object_size+0x23/0x30
[ 726.054223] ? alloc_fd+0xad/0x1a0
[ 726.054229] do_sys_openat2+0xb3/0x180
[ 726.054234] __x64_sys_openat+0x55/0xa0
[ 726.054239] do_syscall_64+0x59/0x90
[ 726.054244] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x2a/0x50
[ 726.054250] ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0x90
[ 726.054254] ? __fget_light+0xb5/0x160
[ 726.054259] ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x3b/0xd0
[ 726.054266] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x2a/0x50
[ 726.054270] ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0x90
[ 726.054274] ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x3b/0xd0
[ 726.054280] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x2a/0x50
[ 726.054284] ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0x90
[ 726.054288] ? sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x4e/0xb0
[ 726.054292] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc
[ 726.054299] RIP: 0033:0x7f907bb14764
[ 726.054304] RSP: 002b:00007ffc73b63a40 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000101
[ 726.054309] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000080802 RCX: 00007f907bb14764
[ 726.054311] RDX: 0000000000080802 RSI: 00007ffc73b63ae0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c
[ 726.054314] RBP: 00007ffc73b63ae0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00007ffc73b63857
[ 726.054316] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000080802
[ 726.054318] R13: 00007f9074231eb2 R14: 00007ffc73b63ae0 R15: 0000000081204101
[ 726.054322] </TASK>
答案1
显然，首先要尝试的是回滚更新。例如安装精确的上一个软件包版本并将其搁置，以避免以后进行不必要的更新。
另一个要尝试的方法是确定哪里出了问题。ALSA 驱动程序、pulseaudio 或其他东西。尝试aplay -l列出设备并使用它们aplay从原始硬件到更高级别测试设备。也可以尝试paplay。
检查alsa-info报告内容以寻找可能的提示。
这就是我给初学者的所有建议。当您找到导致错误的软件包时，不要忘记报告错误。