- 我有一个装有 Ubuntu 的 SSD。我想将其作为我的默认操作系统。
- 我有一块装有 Windows 10 的旧硬盘
- 它还有另外两个分区：
- 一个名为 HDRECOVERY 30GB
- 另一个称为“系统”~1.5GB
- 据我所知他们一直在那里。
- 我使用 GParted 将这 3 个分区复制并粘贴到 SSD 中。
- Ubuntu OS 分区仍在 SSD 上。
我希望在启动时显示 grub 菜单，以便我在 Ubuntu 或 Windows 之间进行选择。
（如果我不按任何键，还会在 1 秒内选择默认操作系统）。
请看图片（Gparted 说了一些关于 EFI 分区的事情）
还有我的启动信息文件。
我在 SSD 上安装了另外 2 个 Ubuntu 操作系统，但是我把它们删除了。
关于 EFI 分区的警告和 SSD 分区的信息：
旧 Windows HDD 分区：
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos5)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_msdos biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/BOOT/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 23.04
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10 or 11
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /BOOTMGR /BOOT/BCD
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10 or 11
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /BOOTMGR /BOOT/BCD
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/BOOT/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg
sdc2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
================================ 3 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Ubuntu 23.04 on sda2
OS#2: Windows 10 or 11 on sdb2
OS#3: Windows 10 or 11 on sda3
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: Juniper XT [Radeon HD 5770] from Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
BOOT_IMAGE of the installed session in use:
/boot/vmlinuz-6.2.0-35-generic root=UUID=7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
df -Th / : /dev/sda2 ext4 272G 114G 147G 44% /
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: A09(4.6) from Dell Inc.
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this installed-session.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,0005,0000
Boot0000* P0: CT500MX500SSD1 BBS(17,,0x0)
Boot0001* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,0d500ce1-3caf-4777-9310-eb46b8c70070,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
Boot0005* UEFI: ST3400620AS PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(5,65535,0)/HD(1,GPT,ae2dc451-0ed4-4c63-90af-24462cd5c32b,0x800,0x100000)AMBO
85fa9d77b929ec4231aba29476574eb6 sdc1/BOOT/fbx64.efi
469e608783843a701d172242f016c79c sdc1/BOOT/mmx64.efi
51cfb66bc06dfbc97be2a010ebef52f3 sdc1/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
469e608783843a701d172242f016c79c sdc1/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
728124f6ec8e22fbdbe7034812c81b95 sdc1/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
728124f6ec8e22fbdbe7034812c81b95 sdc1/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
0a832cd2c33c8a146b78778df8d33417 sda1/BOOT/fbx64.efi
abfc1dc97795531c0390328f9dd1a281 sda1/BOOT/mmx64.efi
3ad13dc8bad0a2342b6a3422e4187bfa sda1/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
abfc1dc97795531c0390328f9dd1a281 sda1/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
64349b3622c65f495a99dbf6102496e3 sda1/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
64349b3622c65f495a99dbf6102496e3 sda1/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
sdb : notGPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
sdc : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, no-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-pc grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
sdb2 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sdb3 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sdb1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sdc2 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sdc1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sda4 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda5 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda3 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : isnotESP, fstab-has-goodEFI, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sdb2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
sdb3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, BOOTMGR, is-winboot
sdb1 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
sdc2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sdc1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda4 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, BOOTMGR, is-winboot
sda5 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
sda3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
sda1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sdb2 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdb
sdb3 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdb
sdb1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdb
sdc2 : maybesepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdc
sdc1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdc
sda4 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sda5 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sda3 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sda1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 465.76 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk identifier: 04EE2CC7-0B1E-456B-B582-9BD6F9001E50
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
sda2 1050624 580913151 579862528 276.5G Linux filesystem
sda3 651167744 976773119 325605376 155.3G Microsoft basic data
sda4 580913152 644124671 63211520 30.1G Microsoft basic data
sda5 644124672 647196671 3072000 1.5G Microsoft basic data
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk sdb: 698.64 GiB, 750156374016 bytes, 1465149168 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x80166e8e
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdb1 * 2048 3074047 3072000 1.5G 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE
sdb2 3074048 326035455 322961408 154G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sdb3 1401937920 1465149167 63211248 30.1G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Disk sdc: 372.61 GiB, 400088457216 bytes, 781422768 sectors
Disk identifier: 32AC7E5D-E832-402F-A60D-D7CE1A6B2235
Start End Sectors Size Type
sdc1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
sdc2 1050624 781422591 780371968 372.1G Linux filesystem
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:500GB:scsi:512:4096:gpt:ATA CT500MX500SSD1:;
1:1049kB:538MB:537MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
2:538MB:297GB:297GB:ext4::;
4:297GB:330GB:32.4GB:ntfs::msftdata;
5:330GB:331GB:1573MB:ntfs::msftdata;
3:333GB:500GB:167GB:ntfs::msftdata;
sdb:750GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:ATA TOSHIBA MK7575GS:;
1:1049kB:1574MB:1573MB:ntfs::boot, msftres;
2:1574MB:167GB:165GB:ntfs::;
3:718GB:750GB:32.4GB:ntfs::;
sdc:400GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ATA ST3400620AS:;
1:1049kB:538MB:537MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
2:538MB:400GB:400GB:ext4::;
Free space >10MiB: ______________________________________________________________
sda: 316014MiB:317953MiB:1939MiB
sdb: 159197MiB:684540MiB:525343MiB
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 vfat FEF5-4DCC 0d500ce1-3caf-4777-9310-eb46b8c70070 EFI System Partition
├─sda2 ext4 7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0 a62714f5-3c4a-47ad-a7b4-c81db85abe92
├─sda3 ntfs 1AA2CB52A2CB3155 b87b2f97-ea37-42dc-ac62-2e11ce036e60 S3A9360D003
├─sda4 ntfs 08DACB13DACAFBC6 c5e49433-5b44-4578-b5ed-a0e45c4546db HDDRECOVERY
└─sda5 ntfs FAF2A25EF2A21F3F 3906bfa4-5cc2-49c5-baf8-865680ad865f System
sdb
├─sdb1 ntfs FAF2A25EF2A21F3F 80166e8e-01 System
├─sdb2 ntfs 1AA2CB52A2CB3155 80166e8e-02 S3A9360D003
└─sdb3 ntfs 08DACB13DACAFBC6 80166e8e-03 HDDRECOVERY
sdc
├─sdc1 vfat 824F-2C68 ae2dc451-0ed4-4c63-90af-24462cd5c32b EFI System Partition
└─sdc2 ext4 16174ce1-6da6-4771-93b5-846542403699 03521d59-a3c5-46b1-b516-09438165d480 Backup.Ext4.Linu
sdd
sde
sdf
sdg
sdh
sdi
sdj
sdk
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 504.9M 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
/dev/sda2 146.3G 42% /
/dev/sda3 127G 18% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
/dev/sda4 18.8G 38% /mnt/boot-sav/sda4
/dev/sda5 899.9M 40% /mnt/boot-sav/sda5
/dev/sdb1 899.9M 40% /mnt/boot-sav/sdb1
/dev/sdb2 125.8G 18% /mnt/boot-sav/sdb2
/dev/sdb3 18.8G 38% /mnt/boot-sav/sdb3
/dev/sdc1 505.8M 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sdc1
/dev/sdc2 13G 91% /mnt/boot-sav/sdc2
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
===================== sda1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
search.fs_uuid 7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0 root hd0,gpt2
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
====================== sda2/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Ubuntu 7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0
Ubuntu, with Linux 6.2.0-35-generic 7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0
Ubuntu, with Linux 6.2.0-34-generic 7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
UEFI Firmware Settings uefi-firmware
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sda2/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=7721dc66-670f-49d9-ada4-9bd9ed8ae9f0 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=FEF5-4DCC /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
======================= sda2/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT=1
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
==================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
118.833667755 = 127.596679168 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
84.110347748 = 90.312798208 boot/vmlinuz 2
88.248229980 = 94.755815424 boot/vmlinuz-6.2.0-34-generic 2
84.110347748 = 90.312798208 boot/vmlinuz-6.2.0-35-generic 2
88.248229980 = 94.755815424 boot/vmlinuz.old 2
118.822532654 = 127.584722944 boot/initrd.img 1
114.360347748 = 122.793488384 boot/initrd.img-6.2.0-34-generic 2
118.822532654 = 127.584722944 boot/initrd.img-6.2.0-35-generic 1
114.360347748 = 122.793488384 boot/initrd.img.old 2
===================== sda2: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Dec 9 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43263 Dec 9 2022 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14387 Dec 9 2022 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Dec 9 2022 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Dec 9 2022 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 722 Feb 26 2023 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Dec 9 2022 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Dec 9 2022 41_custom
===================== sdc1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
search.fs_uuid 63cbe742-c384-4932-a1b8-46d4902d8451 root hd0,gpt2
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub-efi of
sda2,
using the following options: sda1/boot/efi
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s use-standard-efi-file
Blockers in case of suggested repair: __________________________________________
LegacyWindows detected. Please enable BIOS-compatibility/CSM/Legacy mode in your UEFI firmware, and use this software from a live-CD (or live-USB).
Confirmation request before suggested repair: __________________________________
LegacyWindows detected. You may want to retry after deactivating the [Separate /boot/efi partition:] option.
Are you sure you want to continue anyway?
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your UEFI firmware boot on the Ubuntu 23.04 entry (sda1/efi/****/grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message) file) !
- 我现在无法编辑 grub.cfg。我不知道为什么。我以前做过（不知怎么的。我不是这方面的专家）
我应该将 Windows 和 Ubuntu 放在不同的驱动器上吗？我听说 Windows 更新可以删除双启动中的其他操作系统。