我有一台配备 nvidia GTX 880M 显卡的 msi 电脑（此外还有集成的英特尔卡）。我用一台三星大电视作为屏幕（我的视力需要它......）。使用最新的 ubuntu 23.20 时，它运行起来没有太多问题。但由于一些硬件问题，我不得不完全重新安装 23.10
重新安装后，一切正常……除了外接显示器！电脑甚至无法识别它，设置 --- 显示器不显示任何有关配置双屏的常规信息。
搜索 --- 似乎我需要使用 nvidia 驱动程序，尝试使用帮助进行安装https://www.linuxcapable.com/install-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-linux/ 特别是 470 驱动程序，使用
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-470
但它不起作用，甚至
nvidia-smi
No devices were found
有什么想法吗？我能做什么？如果我需要提供一些额外的信息，请告诉我。
编辑
我不确定需要什么额外的信息，但以下是一些可能相关的信息：
sudo lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia_uvm 1421312 0
nvidia_drm 77824 0
nvidia_modeset 1212416 1 nvidia_drm
nvidia 35590144 2 nvidia_uvm,nvidia_modeset
drm_kms_helper 270336 3 drm_display_helper,nvidia_drm,i915
drm 761856 19 drm_kms_helper,drm_display_helper,nvidia,drm_buddy,nvidia_drm,i915,ttm
video 73728 3 msi_wmi,i915,nvidia_modeset
但
ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/ | grep nvidia
返回空白！和
nvidia-smi
No devices were found
编辑2
xrandr --listproviders
Providers: number : 1
Provider 0: id: 0x43 cap: 0x9, Source Output, Sink
Offload crtcs: 3 outputs: 2 associated providers:
0 name:modesetting
xrandr --listmonitors
Monitors: 1
0: +*eDP-1 1920/382x1080/215+0+0 eDP-1
编辑3
第一个答案后的一些附加信息：（将添加）
sudo lshw -C display
[sudo] password for kjetil:
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GK104M [GeForce GTX 880M]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
logical name: /dev/fb0
version: 06
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 resolution=1920,1080
resources: irq:36 memory:f7400000-f77fffff memory:b0000000-bfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
编辑4
我去找过一位技术人员，他认为这是硬件问题，HDMI 端口不知何故损坏了。但是还有一个 mini-displayport，所以我买了一个 mini-displayport-HDMI 转换器。有了这个转换器，就可以与外部三星屏幕进行一些通信（我可以使用屏幕在我的硬盘上播放视频！），但仍然找不到它用于计算机显示器。以下输出可能有用：
xrandr --verbose
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 16384 x 16384
eDP-1 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (0x44) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm
Identifier: 0x41
Timestamp: 96625
Subpixel: unknown
Gamma: 0.63:1.0:1.5
Brightness: 0.77
Clones:
CRTC: 0
CRTCs: 0 1 2
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter:
EDID:
00ffffffffffff000daf201700000000
02150103802615780ad895a3554d9d27
0f505400000001010101010101010101
0101010101012e3680a070381f403020
35007ed710000018000000fe004e3137
334847452d4c31310a20000000fe0043
4d4f0a202020202020202020000000fe
004e3137334847452d4c31310a20006e
Colorspace: Default
supported: Default, BT709_YCC, XVYCC_601, XVYCC_709, SYCC_601, opYCC_601, opRGB, BT2020_CYCC, BT2020_RGB, BT2020_YCC, DCI-P3_RGB_D65, RGB_WIDE_FIXED, RGB_WIDE_FLOAT, BT601_YCC
max bpc: 12
range: (6, 12)
Broadcast RGB: Automatic
supported: Automatic, Full, Limited 16:235
scaling mode: Full aspect
supported: Full, Center, Full aspect
link-status: Good
supported: Good, Bad
CTM: 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1
CONNECTOR_ID: 79
supported: 79
non-desktop: 0
range: (0, 1)
1920x1080 (0x44) 138.700MHz -HSync -VSync *current +preferred
h: width 1920 start 1968 end 2000 total 2080 skew 0 clock 66.68KHz
v: height 1080 start 1083 end 1088 total 1111 clock 60.02Hz
1920x1080 (0x45) 138.700MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1920 start 1968 end 2000 total 2080 skew 0 clock 66.68KHz
v: height 1080 start 1083 end 1088 total 1111 clock 60.02Hz
1680x1050 (0x46) 119.272MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1680 start 1728 end 1760 total 1840 skew 0 clock 64.82KHz
v: height 1050 start 1053 end 1059 total 1080 clock 60.02Hz
1400x1050 (0x47) 122.091MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1400 start 1488 end 1640 total 1880 skew 0 clock 64.94KHz
v: height 1050 start 1052 end 1064 total 1082 clock 60.02Hz
1600x900 (0x48) 97.818MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1600 start 1648 end 1680 total 1760 skew 0 clock 55.58KHz
v: height 900 start 903 end 908 total 926 clock 60.02Hz
1280x1024 (0x49) 108.001MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1328 end 1440 total 1688 skew 0 clock 63.98KHz
v: height 1024 start 1025 end 1028 total 1066 clock 60.02Hz
1400x900 (0x4a) 86.703MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1400 start 1448 end 1480 total 1560 skew 0 clock 55.58KHz
v: height 900 start 903 end 913 total 926 clock 60.02Hz
1280x960 (0x4b) 108.036MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1376 end 1488 total 1800 skew 0 clock 60.02KHz
v: height 960 start 961 end 964 total 1000 clock 60.02Hz
1440x810 (0x4c) 151.990MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 1440 start 1464 end 1480 total 1520 skew 0 clock 99.99KHz
v: height 810 start 811 end 814 total 833 clock 60.02Hz
1368x768 (0x4d) 72.451MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1368 start 1416 end 1448 total 1528 skew 0 clock 47.42KHz
v: height 768 start 771 end 781 total 790 clock 60.02Hz
1280x800 (0x4e) 71.131MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1280 start 1328 end 1360 total 1440 skew 0 clock 49.40KHz
v: height 800 start 803 end 809 total 823 clock 60.02Hz
1280x720 (0x4f) 64.044MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1280 start 1328 end 1360 total 1440 skew 0 clock 44.48KHz
v: height 720 start 723 end 728 total 741 clock 60.02Hz
1024x768 (0x50) 65.017MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 1024 start 1048 end 1184 total 1344 skew 0 clock 48.38KHz
v: height 768 start 771 end 777 total 806 clock 60.02Hz
960x720 (0x51) 117.039MHz -HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 960 start 1024 end 1128 total 1300 skew 0 clock 90.03KHz
v: height 720 start 720 end 722 total 750 clock 60.02Hz
928x696 (0x52) 109.095MHz -HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 928 start 976 end 1088 total 1264 skew 0 clock 86.31KHz
v: height 696 start 696 end 698 total 719 clock 60.02Hz
896x672 (0x53) 102.410MHz -HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 896 start 960 end 1060 total 1224 skew 0 clock 83.67KHz
v: height 672 start 672 end 674 total 697 clock 60.02Hz
1024x576 (0x54) 42.141MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 1024 start 1072 end 1104 total 1184 skew 0 clock 35.59KHz
v: height 576 start 579 end 584 total 593 clock 60.02Hz
960x600 (0x55) 77.027MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 960 start 984 end 1000 total 1040 skew 0 clock 74.06KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 604 total 617 clock 60.02Hz
960x540 (0x56) 37.375MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 960 start 1008 end 1040 total 1120 skew 0 clock 33.37KHz
v: height 540 start 543 end 548 total 556 clock 60.02Hz
800x600 (0x57) 38.413MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 800 start 824 end 896 total 1024 skew 0 clock 37.51KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 603 total 625 clock 60.02Hz
840x525 (0x58) 59.636MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 840 start 864 end 880 total 920 skew 0 clock 64.82KHz
v: height 525 start 526 end 529 total 540 clock 60.02Hz
864x486 (0x59) 30.730MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 864 start 912 end 944 total 1024 skew 0 clock 30.01KHz
v: height 486 start 489 end 494 total 500 clock 60.02Hz
700x525 (0x5a) 61.045MHz +HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 700 start 744 end 820 total 940 skew 0 clock 64.94KHz
v: height 525 start 526 end 532 total 541 clock 60.02Hz
800x450 (0x5b) 48.909MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 800 start 824 end 840 total 880 skew 0 clock 55.58KHz
v: height 450 start 451 end 454 total 463 clock 60.02Hz
640x512 (0x5c) 54.000MHz +HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 640 start 664 end 720 total 844 skew 0 clock 63.98KHz
v: height 512 start 512 end 514 total 533 clock 60.02Hz
700x450 (0x5d) 43.351MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 700 start 724 end 740 total 780 skew 0 clock 55.58KHz
v: height 450 start 451 end 456 total 463 clock 60.02Hz
640x480 (0x5e) 25.208MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 656 end 752 total 800 skew 0 clock 31.51KHz
v: height 480 start 490 end 492 total 525 clock 60.02Hz
720x405 (0x5f) 22.130MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 768 end 800 total 880 skew 0 clock 25.15KHz
v: height 405 start 408 end 413 total 419 clock 60.02Hz
684x384 (0x60) 36.225MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 684 start 708 end 724 total 764 skew 0 clock 47.41KHz
v: height 384 start 385 end 390 total 395 clock 60.02Hz
640x360 (0x61) 17.958MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 688 end 720 total 800 skew 0 clock 22.45KHz
v: height 360 start 363 end 368 total 374 clock 60.02Hz
512x384 (0x62) 32.508MHz -HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 512 start 524 end 592 total 672 skew 0 clock 48.38KHz
v: height 384 start 385 end 388 total 403 clock 60.02Hz
512x288 (0x63) 21.034MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 512 start 536 end 552 total 592 skew 0 clock 35.53KHz
v: height 288 start 289 end 292 total 296 clock 60.02Hz
480x270 (0x64) 18.687MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 480 start 504 end 520 total 560 skew 0 clock 33.37KHz
v: height 270 start 271 end 274 total 278 clock 60.02Hz
400x300 (0x65) 19.175MHz +HSync +VSync DoubleScan
h: width 400 start 412 end 448 total 512 skew 0 clock 37.45KHz
v: height 300 start 300 end 301 total 312 clock 60.02Hz
432x243 (0x66) 15.365MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 432 start 456 end 472 total 512 skew 0 clock 30.01KHz
v: height 243 start 244 end 247 total 250 clock 60.02Hz
320x240 (0x67) 12.580MHz -HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 320 start 328 end 376 total 400 skew 0 clock 31.45KHz
v: height 240 start 245 end 246 total 262 clock 60.02Hz
360x202 (0x68) 11.038MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 360 start 384 end 400 total 440 skew 0 clock 25.09KHz
v: height 202 start 204 end 206 total 209 clock 60.02Hz
320x180 (0x69) 8.979MHz +HSync -VSync DoubleScan
h: width 320 start 344 end 360 total 400 skew 0 clock 22.45KHz
v: height 180 start 181 end 184 total 187 clock 60.02Hz
VGA-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
Identifier: 0x42
Timestamp: 96625
Subpixel: unknown
Clones:
CRTCs: 0 1 2
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter:
link-status: Good
supported: Good, Bad
CTM: 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1
CONNECTOR_ID: 76
supported: 76
non-desktop: 0
range: (0, 1)
kjetil@kjetil-computer:~$
最后请注意VGA-1 disconnected ？
答案1
我对 NVIDA 470 驱动程序进行了类似的设置，并且需要使用捆绑的 Nvidia 软件生成 xorg.conf 文件。
按“保存到 X Config..”按钮并将其放入/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/文件夹中。
重新启动并确保启动 X 会话，而不是 Wayland 会话。这样我就可以使用我的所有显示器了...