我在 ubuntu LTS 上使用 postfix/dovecot 和 mysql 对用户进行身份验证时遇到问题。Outlook 已连接到服务器，但出现身份验证错误。
以下是 posfix 配置设置：
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
config_directory = /etc/postfix
disable_vrfy_command = yes
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
inet_interfaces = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
message_size_limit = 0
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128, 144.122.116.0/24
mynetworks_style = host
myorigin = /etc/mailname
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter = +
relayhost = [smtp.buyorsell.it]:587
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, rej ect_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks,permit
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:$config_directory/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps. cf
virtual_transport = dovecot
然后 dovecot 配置显示如下：
root@server:~# dovecot -n
# 2.0.19: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf
doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf:124: add auth_ prefix to all settings inside auth {} and remove the auth {} section completely
doveconf: Warning: NOTE: You can get a new clean config file with: doveconf -n > dovecot-new.conf
doveconf: Warning: Obsolete setting in /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf:124: add auth_ prefix to all settings inside auth {} and remove the auth {} section completely
# OS: Linux 2.6.32-042stab088.4 x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS simfs
auth_mechanisms = plain login
disable_plaintext_auth = no
mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n
mail_privileged_group = mail
managesieve_notify_capability = mailto
managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave
passdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
plugin {
sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve
sieve_dir = ~/sieve
}
protocols = imap pop3 sieve
service auth-worker {
user = vmail
}
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0604
user = postfix
}
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
unix_listener auth-userdb {
mode = 0600
user = vmails
}
user = dovecot
}
service imap-login {
inet_listener imap {
port = 143
}
inet_listener imaps {
port = 993
ssl = yes
}
}
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
group = postfix
mode = 0600
user = postfix
}
}
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem
userdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
protocol imap {
imap_client_workarounds = delay-newmail
mail_max_userip_connections = 10
}
protocol pop3 {
mail_max_userip_connections = 10
pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh
}
protocol lda {
deliver_log_format = msgid=%m: %$
mail_plugins = sieve
postmaster_address = postmaster
quota_full_tempfail = yes
rejection_reason = Your message to <%t> was automatically rejected:%n%r
}
我的错误日志是/var/log/mail.log：
Sep 30 08:22:10 server postfix/submission/smtpd[1466]: warning: dict_nis_init: NIS domain name not set - NIS lookups disabled
Sep 30 08:22:10 server postfix/submission/smtpd[1466]: connect from unknown[182.186.87.163]
Sep 30 08:22:11 server postfix/submission/smtpd[1466]: warning: SASL: Connect to private/auth? Basic SPAM prevention failed: No such file or directory
Sep 30 08:22:11 server postfix/submission/smtpd[1466]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Sep 30 08:22:12 server postfix/master[1448]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 1466 exit status 1
Sep 30 08:22:12 server postfix/master[1448]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling
Sep 30 08:22:45 server dovecot: auth-worker: mysql(127.0.0.1): Connected to database mailserver
Sep 30 08:23:05 server dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (auth failed, 3 attempts): user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=182.186.87.163, lip=162.250.122.195, TLS
它是master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
#smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#submission inet n - - - - smtpd
#
##spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
##user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e
##usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# # -o content_filter=spamassassin
# #-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
## -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
我需要让收发邮件开始工作。
答案1
我认为您现在的 mysql 连接有问题（据我所知，您保存用户数据库的位置）。您应该检查 mysql 中的权限，以便 dovecot 能够（用户 vmail）连接到正确的数据库。
授予“vmail”@“localhost”对 your_database.* 的所有权限；
（这里假设数据库是 dovecot 本地的，而且所有权限可能对于您真正需要的来说有点太宽泛了 - 我猜实际上选择就足够了？）
答案2
在行中
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth Basic SPAM prevention
删除它"Basic SPAM prevention"，只留下
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
然后重新启动 postfix。
答案3
两项行动解决了这个问题。
删除的值：
relayhost = [smtp.buyorsell.it]:587
作为
relayhost =
并取消注释
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
在 master.cf 中