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将差异保存到两个文件以进行修改和新增

tag-icon • tag-icon text-processing command-line diff
将差异保存到两个文件以进行修改和新增

我正在尝试将新文件（例如new.txt）与旧文件（例如old.txt）进行比较，以查看新文件中添加的内容。我正在尝试将新添加的信息添加到名为 的新文件中，newCourses.txt并将修改后的信息添加到modifiedCourses.txt.如果通过 diff 无法做到这一点，那么在不安装软件包或软件的情况下有哪些替代方案？

old.txt

2016 2BUSI 4850 K002 BUSINESS MW 02:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4840 K002 PRESPECH MW 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4820 K002 SCHLOFSC MW 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4870 K002 HISTORYZ MW 04:10P-09:30P

new.txt

2016 2BUSI 4850 K002 BUSINESS MW 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4840 K002 PRESPECH MW 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4820 K002 SCHLOFSC MF 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4870 K002 HISTORYZ MW 06:10P-09:30P
2017 4NONE 2938 K112 RECREATI TS 11:10P-11:55P

我这样做时的输出diff old.txt new.txt：

1c1
< 2016 2BUSI 4850 K002 BUSINESS MW 02:10P-09:30P
---
> 2016 2BUSI 4850 K002 BUSINESS MW 07:10P-09:30P
3,4c3,5
< 2016 2BUSI 4820 K002 SCHLOFSC MW 07:10P-09:30P
< 2016 2BUSI 4870 K002 HISTORYZ MW 04:10P-09:30P
\ No newline at end of file
---
> 2016 2BUSI 4820 K002 SCHLOFSC TF 07:10P-09:30P
> 2016 2BUSI 4870 K002 HISTORYZ MW 06:10P-09:30P
> 2017 4NONE 2938 K112 RECREATI TS 11:10P-11:55P
\ No newline at end of file

我如何将它输出到两个不同的文件，例如 newCourses.txt包含

2017 4NONE 2938 K112 RECREATI TS 11:10P-11:55P

并且modifiedCourses.txt将包含

2016 2BUSI 4850 K002 BUSINESS MW 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4820 K002 SCHLOFSC TF 07:10P-09:30P
2016 2BUSI 4870 K002 HISTORYZ MW 06:10P-09:30P

答案1

你可以使用awk：

awk 'NR==FNR{ z[$5]=$0; next}{ if ($5 in z){ if ($0!=z[$5]){
print >"modifiedCourses.txt"}} else { print >"newCourses.txt"}}' old.txt new.txt

这会将old.txt行读取并保存到数组中（索引是课程的名称），然后读取new.txt并针对每个课程检查它是否是数组的索引：如果是，则检查该行是否已更改，如果是它将其打印到modifiedCourses.txt;如果不是索引，它会将行打印为newCourses.txt
You can change $0to $7if the only change of important is the hours.

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