嘿，我确实需要帮助！
昨天我的 Kubutnu 无法启动了，所以我用 Live CD 启动，并按照本教程解决问题：http://www.citizen428.net/blog/2011/10/17/fixing-grub-on-a-luks-encrypted-disk
每次重启后该问题都会再次出现，现在本教程不再起作用。
我尝试像这样挂载 LUKS 分区：
$ cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 LUKS
然后我收到错误 sda3 不是有效的 LUKS 设备。
因此我尝试了几件事：
“parted -l”给了我这个输出：
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# parted -l
Model: ATA ST1000LM014-SSHD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB EFI System Partition msftdata
2 538MB 794MB 256MB ext2
3 794MB 1000GB 999GB
“fdisk -l /dev/sda”给出以下结果：
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# fdisk -l /dev/sda
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
然后我尝试“smartctl -a /dev/sda”并得到以下输出：
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.16.2-64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Laptop SSHD
Device Model: ST1000LM014-SSHD-8GB
Serial Number: W381F3FN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 073553aa5
Firmware Version: LVD3
User Capacity: 1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Dec 18 10:52:25 2014 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 161) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 196) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x1081) SCT Status supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 114 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 62542976
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 098 097 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1136
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 070 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 17224568354
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1279
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1177
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 131078
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 051 046 045 Old_age Always - 49 (Min/Max 38/51)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 324
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 5294
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 049 054 000 Old_age Always - 49 (0 17 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 1
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 441 hours (18 days + 9 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 71 03 80 04 11 40
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ea 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01:11:21.443 FLUSH CACHE EXT
61 00 08 e8 7d 66 40 00 01:11:21.443 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 d0 d8 c9 66 40 00 01:11:21.443 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 80 38 9f 49 44 00 01:11:21.279 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:11:21.278 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
我正在运行“badblocks -v /dev/sda”和TestDisk（http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) 正在扫描硬盘分区，但这需要很长时间。
感谢您的阅读！我希望至少有办法暂时解决这个问题，这样我就可以备份我的数据了。