概括：ALSA 无法检测到 nVidia 上的声卡，因此尽管视频在 HDMI 上播放，也无法播放音频。音频在 pci 中被检测到。
我怎样才能让 ALSA 检测 nVidia 卡？
输出aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VB Analog [ALC269VB Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
输出sudo lspci -H 1 |grep -A 1 VGA:
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
--
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 525M] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
输出lsmod|grep snd
snd_hda_codec_realtek 72838 1
snd_hda_codec_generic 67835 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hda_intel 29390 3
snd_hda_controller 29557 1 snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_codec 105492 4 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_controller
snd_hda_core 29851 4 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_controller
snd_hwdep 13272 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 91280 3 snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_controller
snd_seq_midi 13324 0
snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi 25722 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 56638 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_device 14137 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi
snd_timer 28579 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd 66629 16 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device
soundcore 14604 1 snd
编辑1：我已经升级到 15.04，问题仍然存在