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使用命令行将窗口移动到特定屏幕

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line multiple-monitors window-manager window-management
使用命令行将窗口移动到特定屏幕

这类似于仅使用键盘即可快速将窗口放置到另一个屏幕，但我希望能够使用命令行（这样我需要做的就是从 bash 历史记录中调用命令行）。

例如，发送

  • 将所有 gnome 终端窗口设置eDP1为
  • 所有 Emacs 窗口VGA1，以及
  • 所有 Chrome 窗口HDMI1

（并在移动之后最大化它们 - 但不是那种疯狂的F11方式，而是正常的窗口管理器风格的最大化）。

我想通过可执行文件名称指定窗口。

答案1

根据（屏幕）名称将特定窗口类的所有窗口移动到特定屏幕

下面的脚本将WM_CLASS通过屏幕的姓名. 脚本中以及下文中解释了如何做到这一点。

该脚本假定屏幕水平排列，并且或多或少顶部对齐（差异<100 PX）。

剧本

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys

# just a helper function, to reduce the amount of code
get = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8")

# get the data on all currently connected screens, their x-resolution
screendata = [l.split() for l in get(["xrandr"]).splitlines() if " connected" in l]
screendata = sum([[(w[0], s.split("+")[-2]) for s in w if s.count("+") == 2] for w in screendata], [])

def get_class(classname):
    # function to get all windows that belong to a specific window class (application)
    w_list = [l.split()[0] for l in get(["wmctrl", "-l"]).splitlines()]
    return [w for w in w_list if classname in get(["xprop", "-id", w])]

scr = sys.argv[2]

try:
    # determine the left position of the targeted screen (x)
    pos = [sc for sc in screendata if sc[0] == scr][0]
except IndexError:
    # warning if the screen's name is incorrect (does not exist)
    print(scr, "does not exist. Check the screen name")
else:
    for w in get_class(sys.argv[1]):
        # first move and resize the window, to make sure it fits completely inside the targeted screen
        # else the next command will fail...
        subprocess.Popen(["wmctrl", "-ir", w, "-e", "0,"+str(int(pos[1])+100)+",100,300,300"])
        # maximize the window on its new screen
        subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowsize", "-sync", w, "100%", "100%"])

如何使用

  1. 该脚本需要wmctrl和xdotool：

    sudo apt-get install xdotool wmctrl

  2. 将以下脚本复制到一个空文件中，并将其另存为move_wclass.py

  3. 通过命令运行：

    python3 /path/to/move_wclass.py <WM_CLASS> <targeted_screen>

    例如：

    python3 /path/to/move_wclass.py gnome-terminal VGA-1

对于WM_CLASS，您可以使用部分的WM_CLASS，如示例中所示。屏幕的名称需要是精确的和完整姓名。

如何完成（概念）

解释主要集中在概念上，而不是编码上。

在 xrandr 的输出中，对于每个连接的屏幕，都有一个字符串/行，如下所示：

VGA-1 connected 1280x1024+1680+0

这一行向我们提供了有关屏幕的信息位置和它的姓名，正如解释的那样这里。

该脚本列出了所有屏幕的信息。当以屏幕和窗口类作为参数运行该脚本时，它会查找屏幕的 (x-) 位置，查找特定类的所有窗口 (-id)（借助 和 的wmctrl -l输出） xprop -id <window_id>。

随后，脚本将所有窗口逐个移动到目标屏幕上的某个位置（使用wmctrl -ir <window_id> -e 0,<x>,<y>,<width>,<height>）并将其最大化（使用xdotool windowsize 100% 100%）。

笔记

在我运行的测试中，该脚本运行良好。然而，在 Unity 上使用wmctrl甚至xdotool可能会出现一些顽固的问题，有时需要通过实验而不是推理来解决。如果您遇到异常，请提及。

答案2

我已将@jacobs python 代码重写为简单的 bash 并使其运行（我在 ubuntu 16 cinnamon 上进行了测试）。

我不得不补充一点remove,maximized_vert, remove,maximized_horz，没有这个，窗户就不会移动。

#!/bin/bash

if [ ! -z "$1" ] || [ -z "$2" ]; then
    command=$(wmctrl -l | grep $1 | cut -d" " -f1)

    if [ ! -z "$command" ]; then
        position=$(xrandr | grep "^$2" | cut -d"+" -f2)

        if [ ! -z "$position" ]; then
            for window in $command; do 
               wmctrl -ir $window -b remove,maximized_vert
               wmctrl -ir $window -b remove,maximized_horz 
               wmctrl -ir $window -e 0,$position,0,1920,1080
               wmctrl -ir $window -b add,maximized_vert
               wmctrl -ir $window -b add,maximized_horz 
            done
        else
            echo -e "not found monitor with given name"
        fi
    else
        echo -e "not found windows with given name"
    fi
else
    echo -e "specify window and monitor name;\nmove.sh window-name monitor-name"
fi
  1. sudo apt-get install xdotool wmctrl
  2. /path/to/script.sh "window-name" "monitor-name"

答案3

顺便说一下，以下是我针对这个问题和恢复多显示器设置：

# configure multiple displays and
# move the windows to their appropriate displays

import subprocess
import os
import wmctrl
import re

mydisplays = [("VGA1",0,"left"),
              ("eDP1",1080,"normal"),
              ("HDMI1",3000,"left")]

# https://askubuntu.com/questions/702002/restore-multiple-monitor-settings
def set_displays ():
    subprocess.check_call(" && ".join([
        "xrandr --output %s --pos %dx0  --rotate %s" % d for d in mydisplays]),
                          shell=True)

# https://askubuntu.com/questions/702071/move-windows-to-specific-screens-using-the-command-line
mywindows = [("/emacs$","VGA1"),
             ("/chrome$","HDMI1"),
             ("gnome-terminal","eDP1")]
def max_windows ():
    didi = dict([(d,x) for d,x,_ in mydisplays])
    for w in wmctrl.Window.list():
        try:
            exe = os.readlink("/proc/%d/exe" % (w.pid))
            for (r,d) in mywindows:
                if re.search(r,exe):
                    x = didi[d]
                    print "%s(%s) --> %s (%d)" % (r,exe,d,x)
                    w.set_properties(("remove","maximized_vert","maximized_horz"))
                    w.resize_and_move(x,0,w.w,w.h)
                    w.set_properties(("add","maximized_vert","maximized_horz"))
                    break
        except OSError:
            continue

def cmdlines (cmd):
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).splitlines()

def show_displays ():
    for l in cmdlines(["xrandr"]):
        if " connected " in l:
            print l

if __name__ == '__main__':
    show_displays()
    set_displays()
    show_displays()
    max_windows()

你需要使用控制端0.3 或更高版本（因为我的拉取请求）。

答案4

根据@AndrzejPiszczek 的回答，这里有一种将所有窗口移动到特定屏幕的方法：

function move_win {
    if [ -z "$1" ]; then
        echo -e "Specify a screen, possible options: "
        echo -e $(xrandr | grep " connected " | cut -d'-' -f1)
        return
    fi

    MONITOR=$1

    # get all relevant windows on all screens
    windows=$(wmctrl -l | egrep -v " -1 " | cut -d" " -f1)

    if [ ! -z "$windows" ]; then
        # get the necessary metrics from the screen the windows should be moved to 
        # will contain: width, height, offsetX, offsetY
        screen_values=($(xrandr | grep "^$MONITOR-.* connected" | grep -Eo '[0-9]+x[0-9]+\+[0-9]+\+[0-9]+' | sed 's/x/ /g; s/+/ /g'))

        if (( ${#screen_values[@]} )); then
            # get the start/end position of the screen so we can later determine
            # if the window is already on the screen or not
            screen_start_pos=$(( ${screen_values[2]} ))
            screen_end_pos=$(( ${screen_values[2]} + ${screen_values[0]} ))

            for window in $windows; do
                # get the window name
                window_name=$(wmctrl -lG | grep "$window" | awk -F "$HOSTNAME " '{print $2}')
                # extract relevant window geometry values such as x, y, width, height
                window_values=($(wmctrl -lG | grep "$window" | awk -F " " '{print $3, $5, $6}'))

                # if the window's X origin position is already inside the screen's 
                # total width then don't move it (this won't work exactly for windows only partially on the screen)
                if (( ${window_values[0]} >= $screen_end_pos || ${window_values[0]} < $screen_start_pos )); then
                    echo -e "Moving to screen $MONITOR: $window_name"
                  
                    wmctrl -ir $window -b remove,maximized_vert
                    wmctrl -ir $window -b remove,maximized_horz
                    # the -e parameters are gradient,x,y,width,height
                    # move window to (X,Y) -> (0,0) of new screen and the same window dimensions
                    wmctrl -ir $window -e 0,$screen_start_pos,0,${window_values[1]},${window_values[2]}
                else
                    echo -e "Already on screen $MONITOR: $window_name"
                fi
            done
        else 
            echo -e "No screen found"
        fi
    else
        echo -e "No windows found"
    fi
}

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