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如何修复损坏的显示驱动程序？

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如何修复损坏的显示驱动程序？

我愚蠢地在 15.10 Ubuntu 安装上从命令行安装了 Kubuntu，同时忽略了安装过程中出现的软件包损坏或错误的警告。

当我重启电脑时，我看到了一个超级条纹的屏幕，就好像内部硬件坏了一样。我知道硬件没有坏，因为我目前正在笔记本电脑的闪存驱动器上运行从 ISO 安装的 Kde 来写这篇文章。屏幕如下所示： 在此处输入图片描述

如果图片模糊，请忽略，屏幕看起来是准确的。我仍然遇到图形问题，所以现在很多图标和图片都非常模糊。就好像它们从原版星际争霸中跳出来一样。

上面的屏幕实际上是我的桌面，因为我仍然可以按下 Windows 键，打开终端，然后从命令行关闭系统。所以系统启动正常，只是显卡驱动程序似乎出了问题。此外，能够按下 Windows 键打开菜单让我相信我仍然在启动默认的 Ubuntu 环境，因为现在在 KDE 中，我的 Windows 键没有任何作用。

在安装过程中我记得有两个明显的错误：

  1. 安装程序无法安装与帐户相关的内容
  2. 失败的原因是上述账户包中的管道破裂

现在这些错误并没有真正成为导致我的图形问题的原因，所以我对发生的事情感到非常困惑。

答案1

如果您有权访问 TTY，您能否发布以下内容的输出：

ps ax | grep dm

然后继续：

  1. 重新启动并按下Shift以获取 Grub 菜单。
  2. 选择恢复模式 → dpkg（修复损坏的软件包），重启
  3. 还没有，再次重新启动并按下Shift以获取 Grub 菜单。
  4. 选择（新贵模式）。（让我知道）
  5. 还没有，再次重新启动并按下Shift以获取 Grub 菜单。
  6. 选择恢复模式→dpkg（修复损坏的软件包）

  7. 放到 Shell 中，然后运行：

    sudo apt-get remove sddm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

    并设置lightdm为默认值，然后重新启动。

答案2

好的，假设您可以通过进入控制台（ctrl + alt + F1）进入系统，在恢复模式下启动（从您的 GRUB 菜单中选择）我们通过实时媒体使用 chroot 这是我要做的（刚刚在 VM 中做了）。

  1. 删除 kubuntu-desktop 软件包[简单的 apt-get remove/purge kubuntu-desktop 无法删除这里的所有内容，而是使用下面这个非常长的代码]

    $ sudo apt-get purge libqt5script5 qml-module-org-kde-kio kde-telepathy-minimal libkde3support4 liboxygenstyle5-5 k3b-data ntrack-module-libnl-0 kimageformat-plugins libkrosscore4 libkf5pty5 libqapt3 oxygen-icon-theme kde-style-breeze-qt4 libktexteditor4 kdenetwork-filesharing kdelibs5-data libchm1 plasma-widgets-addons libqt5concurrent5 libkf5completion5 libkf5su-data libkf5quickaddons5 kdepimlibs-data libkdeui5 libkdeclarative5 ttf-oxygen-font-family gtk3-engines-oxygen libboost-thread1.58.0 freerdp-x11 libk3b6-extracodecs user-manager libkf5kcmutils-data libksieve5 libkf5service-bin gpgsm kwalletmanager libktpcommoninternals9 kpackagelauncherqml libfam0 frameworkintegration libkf5globalaccel-bin mysql-server-core-5.6 libkf5mailtransport5 libthreadweaver4 kwrited phonon-backend-gstreamer libkf5sonnet5-data libkf5style5 libkdecorations2-5v5 ark kmail libkf5waylandclient5 libkf5gapicalendar5 libokularcore6 libkf5akonadimime5 plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo ksysguard libkf5tnef5 libkf5pty-data libkf5coreaddons-data libkf5unitconversion5 kde-telepathy-filetransfer-handler libkf5auth-data libscim8v5 breeze-cursor-theme akonadi-backend-mysql kde-config-gtk-style-preview libaio1 default-jre konsole kde-runtime libkf5completion-data mysql-client-core-5.6 liblastfm1 libkf5kdelibs4support5 konsole-kpart libkf5parts-plugins libkf5akonadinotes5 libqjson0 libtag-extras1 kdepimlibs-kio-plugins libqrencode3 libkparts4 libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libbalooxapian4 akonadi-server libkf5auth5 kubuntu-notification-helper libqt5sql5-mysql kdemultimedia-kio-plugins libkf5kiowidgets5 libqt5waylandclient5 libopenobex1 libntrack0 kde-runtime-data libphonon4 cdparanoia libplasma-geolocation-interface5 libkemoticons4 libmessagecomposer5 libweather-ion7 cdrdao fonts-dejavu-extra libibus-qt1 bluedevil kde-telepathy-desktop-applets qml-module-org-kde-kwindowsystem kdeconnect libzip4 libkwinxrenderutils6 default-jre-headless kactivities kwin-x11 accountwizard kwin-style-breeze orion-gtk-theme libkmediaplayer4 kde-cli-tools libksieveui5 libkf5textwidgets-data muon-discover libkfontinst5 libkf5parts-data libkf5emoticons5 libeventviews5 libkf5sysguard-bin libkf5texteditor5 libkf5bookmarks5 libkf5akonadisearchpim5 libqt4-qt3support libkf5wallet5 libkcddb4 libtelepathy-logger-qt5 amarok-utils kded5 qml-module-org-kde-bluezqt libmailcommon5 libgif4 katepart libkf5akonadicontact5 libkaccounts1 libxcb-cursor0 libkf5alarmcalendar5 libkf5itemviews-data libreoffice-base sddm-theme-breeze libkf5networkmanagerqt6 libkf5dbusaddons5 libkdepim5 libkf5people-data libpowerdevilcore2 kaddressbook libkdnssd4 libreoffice-style-breeze phonon libkf5krosscore5 libsctp1 libmessageviewer5 libkf5gapi-data vcdimager libcln6 kde-style-breeze okular libkatepartinterfaces4 libkf5threadweaver5 libkf5configgui5 libqca2-plugin-ossl plasma-runners-addons libkf5peoplebackend5 ubuntu-release-upgrader-qt python3-pyqt4 python3-pyqt5 sshfs muon-common libkf5su-bin p7zip-full libksba8 libqca2v5 libkf5pimtextedit5 kdesudo libkf5jobwidgets5 libxerces-c3.1 kde-telepathy-data kdelibs5-plugins libkf5solid5-data phonon-backend-gstreamer-common kcalc libkf5screen6 libkf5filemetadata-data libkworkspace5-5 libqmobipocket1 systemsettings ktexteditor-katepart gstreamer-qapt libkf5iconthemes5 libsyndication4 libpackagekitqt5-0 libkjsapi4 libotr5 libkf5solid5 tzdata-java libkf5imap5 libksane0 libkf5khtml5 libkf5service5 libkprintutils4 libmuon libhttp-parser2.1 libkf5gpgmepp5 libtaskmanager5 knotes scdaemon libkf5bluezqt-data libkactivities6 libincidenceeditorsng5 libreoffice-sdbc-firebird libiso9660-8 libkf5jsembed5 qml-module-org-kde-kcoreaddons libk3b6 amarok kde-telepathy-contact-list libkf5gapicore5 kubuntu-desktop ruby gwenview libcalendarsupport5 python-gobject libkf5qgpgme5 libkcalcore4 baloo-kf5 libkf5xmlgui5 libflac++6v5 libkwineffects6 libktplogger9 ruby2.1 plasma-widget-kimpanel libkf5package-data muon-notifier libkf5js5 libpowerdevilui5 libkf5i18n-data libkf5sysguard-data ksshaskpass libkf5kdelibs4support5-bin qtdeclarative5-kf5solid libpoppler-qt5-1 libkf5globalaccel5 libtelepathy-qt5-0 qml-module-qtwebkit libkf5prison1 libqalculate5v5 libkf5wallet-data qml-module-org-kde-draganddrop libpython3.5 libqtscript4-gui libkf5filemetadata-bin qt5-image-formats-plugins libkf5notifyconfig-data python3-pykde4 qml-module-org-kde-solid breeze libkf5package5 libao-common libkf5people5 libxcb-record0 libtomcrypt0 kio-extras-data libkcompactdisc4 kde-config-telepathy-accounts debconf-kde-data kio-audiocd libkabc4 okular-extra-backends kde-telepathy-auth-handler kwayland-integration libkf5xmlrpcclient5 liboxygenstyleconfig5-5 plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text libkf5sonnetcore5 libruby2.1 libkf5iconthemes-bin qdbus-qt5 libqimageblitz4 libkf5webkit5 libjs-jquery libservlet3.0-java libjs-prototype ktorrent-data libknewstuff3-4 libkf5newstuff5 libqt5designercomponents5 kwayland-data kmenuedit akregator libkexiv2-11v5 libkf5i18n5 kde-config-mailtransport libkf5globalaccelprivate5 libkf5notifications-data python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 openjdk-7-jre-headless libkf5config-data kate libkf5emoticons-data libkresources4 libkwalletbackend5-5 libkmanagesieve5 libkf5akonadiwidgets5 libqt5xmlpatterns5 kde-config-sddm libkf5emoticons-bin libkf5configwidgets5 libkf5widgetsaddons5 qttools5-dev-tools kde-telepathy-kpeople libqtscript4-network pam-kwallet4 kaccounts-integration pam-kwallet5 libksane-data ibus-qt4 kdoctools sgml-data kaccounts-providers ttf-dejavu-core libkf5holidays-data libkf5activitiesexperimentalstats1 libkf5activities5 kgamma5 libssh2-1 qml-module-org-kde-activities ca-certificates-java libkwin4-effect-builtins1 libyaml-0-2 libkxmlrpcclient4 libkf5kcmutils5 plasma-nm apturl-kde libkpty4 libatk-wrapper-java libkf5iconthemes-data libqt5designer5 libkf5akonadiagentbase5 print-manager libkf5syndication5 libkjsembed4 qml-module-org-kde-extensionplugin libksignalplotter7 libgrantlee-templates5 plasma-desktop-data libkf5globalaccel-data libkipi-data libkf5declarative5 libakonadi-kmime4 gtk2-engines-oxygen libkf5kiontlm5 libfollowupreminder5 korganizer plasma-pa kde-telepathy-text-ui libsolid4 libkhtml5 libkmime4 ksysguardd libkf5codecs5 kontact libkf5windowsystem-data libmailimporter5 libntrack-qt4-1 libsendlater5 libkf5notifyconfig5 libkf5khtml-bin libprocesscore7 libkldap4 libkfile4 libqca-qt5-2-plugins libqt5quickwidgets5 kubuntu-settings-desktop libktpotr9 kde-telepathy-approver libkonq-common libpoppler-qt4-4 kamera libbaloofiles4 libtelepathy-qt4-2 libfakekey0 libkf5configcore5 libnoteshared5 qml-module-qtmultimedia libakonadi-kde4 libreoffice-kde libdolphinvcs5 libjs-scriptaculous libkf5baloo5 oxygen-sounds libqt5multimediawidgets5 kdepimlibs-bin mysql-common libpolkit-qt5-1-1 libkf5dbusaddons-data icoutils libkf5itemmodels5 libqt5clucene5 socat libkdepimdbusinterfaces5 obex-data-server libkf5bluezqt6 libkf5krossui5 apport-kde libqt5x11extras5 libkf5khtml-data libkf5mailtransport-data libkf5calendarcore5 libxcb-dpms0 qtdeclarative5-kf5declarative kio-mtp ksystemlog libqt5multimediaquick-p5 libkf5kontactinterface5 rubygems-integration libkf5kontactinterface-data libkfontinstui5 sddm libmessagecore5 libstoken1 kde-baseapps-bin kdoctools5 signon-kwallet-extension libkf5su5 qml-module-qtquick-controls libvoikko1v5 kubuntu-driver-manager libattica0.4 libmygpo-qt1 libkdesu5 libkf5xmlrpcclient-data libkf5gapicontacts5 libkf5parts5 libknewstuff2-4 dragonplayer libkf5coreaddons5 libmysqlclient18 libdlrestrictions1 libkf5xmlgui-bin libgps21 kde-telepathy-send-file khelpcenter libkf5baloowidgets5 libkidletime4 libknotifyconfig4 catdoc qapt-deb-installer breeze-icon-theme plasma-dataengines-addons libkf5bookmarks-data libfreerdp-rail1.1 libgnomevfs2-common libkf5wallet-bin libtemplateparser5 docbook-xml libkf5mbox5 about-distro openjdk-7-jre dolphin libqapt3-runtime libkf5akonadicore5 python-gobject-2 polkit-kde-agent-1 libkf5windowsystem5 libkf5widgetsaddons-data libkf5itemviews5 kinfocenter libkf5holidays5 amarok-common libkf5waylandserver5 libkf5dbusaddons-bin libreoffice-sdbc-hsqldb liblz4-1 kwin-data libqtscript4-uitools libkf5jobwidgets-data libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libkf5gapitasks5 libxcb-composite0 qml-module-org-kde-kquickcontrols libreoffice-java-common libbaloocore4 powerdevil-data kwin-addons libkdecore5 libgnomevfs2-0 kdelibs-bin plasma-desktop skanlite libparted-fs-resize0 libkolabxml1v5 kwin-common libkf5crash5 libkf5textwidgets5 kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer kpackagetool5 qtwayland5 libdmtx0a plasma-framework libprocessui7 libtommath0 plasma-scriptengine-javascript libperl4-corelibs-perl libkf5attica5 qml-module-qtquick-controls-styles-breeze libatk-wrapper-java-jni qapt-batch libloudmouth1-0 libqca2-plugins libkf5newstuff-data kde-style-oxygen-qt5 libkf5plasma5 libkf5filemetadata3 liblmdb0 libjs-underscore libkf5dnssd5 libkf5configwidgets-data libkleo5 libqalculate5-data libkf5codecs-data docbook-xsl libkf5jsembed-data libkntlm4 software-properties-kde libopenconnect5 libkwinglutils6 libkf5archive5 ktorrent libqca-qt5-2 gnupg2 krdc libkf5balooengine5 libksgrd7 libstreams0v5 libkf5akonadicalendar5 milou kde-baseapps-data libphonon4qt5-4 libqtscript4-core partitionmanager libkdewebkit5 java-common libkf5gapidrive5 kdeplasma-addons-data powerdevil kscreen libkf5runner5 ktexteditor-data libvcdinfo0 libkf5plasmaquick5 libxcb-damage0 telepathy-accounts-signon kde-cli-tools-data libkf5texteditor5-libjs-underscore libqt5help5 libkcmutils4 lksctp-tools kdeconnect-plasma plasma-wallpapers-addons konversation-data libreoffice-style-oxygen k3b libkipi11 libkf5contacts-data libkf5notifications5 phonon4qt5-backend-gstreamer libktpmodels9 libkf5baloowidgets-bin libqt5multimedia5-plugins libao4 libkfilemetadata4 libdebconf-kde1 libktorrent-l10n libpolkit-qt-1-1 libkf5contacts5 libkolab1 libepub0 libkdgantt2-1 libgit2-22 libkf5config-bin libkf5xmlgui-data libkf5peoplewidgets5 qml-module-org-kde-telepathy libkf5mime5 libstreamanalyzer0v5 sonnet-plugins plasma-workspace qml-module-org-kde-runnermodel libqgsttools-p1 libhsqldb1.8.0-java libqtscript4-xml javascript-common kubuntu-web-shortcuts libgrantlee-textdocument5 kde-telepathy-kaccounts libkf5ldap5 libkf5service-data libkpimutils4 kate5-data khotkeys pinentry-qt4 kde-config-gtk-style khotkeys-data kross libkdecorations2private5v5 libkf5akonadiprivate5 libkubuntu1 fonts-oxygen libkf5kiofilewidgets5 python3-sip kio baloo-utils libkio5 libxml2-utils ksnapshot kate-data libktorrent5 konversation qml-module-org-kde-people kwin libpimcommon5 libkf5sonnetui5 kde-config-whoopsie libkf5calendarutils5 qml-module-org-kde-kquickcontrolsaddons libreoffice-base-drivers libkpgp5 kubuntu-debug-installer libkf5modemmanagerqt6 libktpwidgets9 kio-extras libkexiv2-data libkf5dnssd-data libplasma3 muon-updater kde-telepathy libkf5identitymanagement5 libkf5kiocore5 libkonq5-templates libkf5unitconversion-data libqtscript4-sql ksysguard-data libmessagelist5 kinit libkf5guiaddons5 kde-telepathy-integration-module libkf5idletime5 libkf5kdelibs4support-data libxfreerdp-client1.1 kdepim-runtime libkf5declarative-data

    （仅供参考，当我尝试这个时，我从我的系统上安装的内容中得到了这个。这是我的 /var/log/apt/term.log 的副本：http://pastebin.com/5pT6bMdZ）

  2. 重新安装 Unity

    $ sudo apt-get --reinstall --yes install linux-generic ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard ubuntu-desktop unity-settings-daemon notify-osd libqt4-sql-sqlite unity gnome-terminal

  3. 重新启动并查看是否已修复！

现在我的显示器没有因此而损坏，所以我不确定是什么原因导致了您的问题，事实上，我可以正常使用这两个台式机（在我非常有限和最少的测试中）。您收到的错误与显示器/显示驱动程序无关（因为看起来您使用的是通用的）。事实上，我使用以下方法解决了错误（完全不推荐）：

    $ sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/kde-config-telepathy-accounts_4%3a15.08.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
    $ sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/kaccounts-providers_4%3a15.08.2-0ubuntu1_all.deb

然后我可以毫无问题地登录/注销任一桌面。在我有限的测试中，这两个桌面似乎都可以运行，日志中也没有看到或记录任何明显的错误。但是，此设置存在两个已知错误：https://bugs.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/+bug/1451728&https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kaccounts-providers/+bug/1488909

因此，运行此类设置可能并不明智。最后，为了确认您没有收到任何其他错误，我会查看 /var/log/apt/term.log：

    $ grep -A4 "Errors" /var/log/apt/term.log
    Errors were encountered while processing:
    /var/cache/apt/archives/kde-config-telepathy-accounts_4%3a15.08.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
    /var/cache/apt/archives/kaccounts-providers_4%3a15.08.2-0ubuntu1_all.deb
Log ended: 2016-01-06  20:11:55

还可能存在其他冲突，因此如果您需要该环境，也可以尝试安装 kubuntu-full 或删除 unity，然后安装 kubuntu-desktop（然后重新安装 unity）。您还可以查看历史记录，看看在此过程中您的 AMD 驱动程序是否已更新。

我对此的最后想法是，我强烈建议您在进行这样的重大更改之前使用虚拟环境，这可能会为您节省大量时间和精力，尤其是如果这是您的主计算机。查看 Virtualbox：$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox

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