我在 16.04 的启动时间方面遇到了问题。我该如何解决？无法理解日志...
以下是各种命令的输出：
$ systemd-analyze critical-chain
graphical.target @1min 30.597s
└─lightdm.service @1min 30.395s +201ms
└─systemd-user-sessions.service @1min 30.195s +57ms
└─basic.target @1min 30.177s
└─sockets.target @1min 30.177s
└─snapd.socket @1min 30.177s +223us
└─sysinit.target @1min 30.173s
└─systemd-backlight@leds:dell::kbd_backlight.service @1.175s +14ms
└─system-systemd\x2dbacklight.slice @587ms
└─system.slice @87ms
└─-.slice @85ms
$ systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 2.146s (firmware) + 6.268s (loader) + 7.608s (kernel) **+ 3min 423ms (userspace)** = 3min 16.447s
$ systemd-analyze blame
660ms dev-sda4.device
223ms plymouth-quit-wait.service
205ms accounts-daemon.service
201ms lightdm.service
190ms ModemManager.service
182ms apparmor.service
175ms gpu-manager.service
160ms systemd-logind.service
157ms systemd-rfkill.service
125ms grub-common.service
121ms ondemand.service
119ms apport.service
118ms irqbalance.service
115ms console-setup.service
102ms NetworkManager.service
98ms upower.service
92ms speech-dispatcher.service
85ms systemd-localed.service
78ms alsa-restore.service
75ms keyboard-setup.service
65ms networking.service
62ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
57ms systemd-user-sessions.service
57ms systemd-udevd.service
57ms pppd-dns.service
51ms systemd-update-utmp.service
48ms systemd-hostnamed.service
47ms bluetooth.service
47ms thermald.service
44ms udisks2.service
42ms rsyslog.service
38ms systemd-timesyncd.service
38ms avahi-daemon.service
36ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-BE0A\x2dCB90.service
35ms systemd-journald.service
34ms snapd.firstboot.service
34ms wpa_supplicant.service
32ms resolvconf.service
25ms plymouth-start.service
24ms [email protected]
23ms systemd-modules-load.service
20ms polkitd.service
19ms systemd-journal-flush.service
15ms colord.service
14ms dns-clean.service
14ms systemd-backlight@leds:dell::kbd_backlight.service
14ms boot-efi.mount
13ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
$ blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="GRUB" UUID="BE0A-CB90" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="d8fb4ac0-c0b7-427d-8507-0cf43b27043c"
/dev/sda2: UUID="e3a1dc8a-52d3-4cb4-ab5a-4ecf745a10f5" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="1fcaf589-217b-4846-a6bc-7cbf860aca96"
/dev/sda4: LABEL="Operating System" UUID="695f4ae8-e03f-4cf3-bc07-924c4cf57663" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="105224a8-b436-4378-9746-70bc5ebaa77e"
$ cat /etc/fstab
UUID=695f4ae8-e03f-4cf3-bc07-924c4cf57663 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
#/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0
UUID=BE0A-CB90 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
UUID=e3a1dc8a-52d3-4cb4-ab5a-4ecf745a10f5 none swap sw 0 1
摘录dmseg：
[ 8.787728] cfg80211: (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm), (N/A)
[ 97.902641] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 97.902645] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 97.902651] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
$ fdisk -l
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sda2 233291776 250068991 16777216 8G Linux swap
/dev/sda4 1050624 233291775 232241152 110,8G Linux filesystem
答案1
/etc/crypttab在这里，我发现了一个引用不存在的 cryptswap 的条目。我把它删除了。