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Ubuntu 17.04 - USB 备份

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Ubuntu 17.04 - USB 备份

有没有办法将文件夹复制到可移动媒体，但只复制与可移动媒体上不同的文件和子文件夹？

答案1

您可以使用rsync

我经常使用以下命令行来测试会发生什么，‘dry run’，

sudo rsync -Havn source-dir/ target-dir

并使用以下命令行来完成这项工作，

sudo rsync -Hav source-dir/ target-dir

编辑：

我sudo在本地运行时使用，以便能够保留所有权和权限，这对于系统文件和配置文件非常重要。如果您想做同样的事情，请使用 Linux 文件系统，例如ext4在外部驱动器中。

如果你“仅”复制数据文件（文档、图片、多媒体文件......），你不必担心权限问题，可以使用更简单的rsync命令行

（编辑结束）

注意末尾的斜线。参见

man rsync

有关尾部斜杠和参数（-H, -a、-v和-n）-t的详细信息

You use rsync in the same way you use rcp. You must specify a source and a des‐
tination, one of which may be remote.

Perhaps the best way to explain the syntax is with some examples:

    rsync -t *.c foo:src/

This  would  transfer all files matching the pattern *.c from the current direc‐
tory to the directory src on the machine foo. If any of the files already  exist
on the remote system then the rsync remote-update protocol is used to update the
file by sending only the differences in the data.  Note that  the  expansion  of
wildcards  on the commandline (*.c) into a list of files is handled by the shell
before it runs rsync and not by rsync itself (exactly  the  same  as  all  other
posix-style programs).

    rsync -avz foo:src/bar /data/tmp

This  would  recursively  transfer  all  files from the directory src/bar on the
machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine. The files are
transferred  in  "archive"  mode,  which  ensures  that symbolic links, devices,
attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved in the transfer.   Addi‐
tionally,  compression  will  be used to reduce the size of data portions of the
transfer.

    rsync -avz foo:src/bar/ /data/tmp

A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an  addi‐
tional  directory  level at the destination.  You can think of a trailing / on a
source as meaning "copy the contents of this directory" as opposed to "copy  the
directory by name", but in both cases the attributes of the containing directory
are transferred to the containing directory on the destination.  In other words,
each of the following commands copies the files in the same way, including their
setting of the attributes of /dest/foo:

    rsync -av /src/foo /dest
    rsync -av /src/foo/ /dest/foo

Note also that host and module references don’t require a trailing slash to copy
the  contents  of  the  default  directory.  For example, both of these copy the
remote directory’s contents into "/dest":

    rsync -av host: /dest
    rsync -av host::module /dest

You can also use rsync in local-only mode, where both the source and destination
don’t have a ’:’ in the name. In this case it behaves like an improved copy com‐
mand.

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