我尝试通过 USB 实时安装 Ubuntu，但犯了一些错误，现在我无法启动 Windows 10
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda1 has
204799 sectors, but according to the info from fdisk,
it has 997375 sectors.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: LVM2_member
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.03
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 16392 of /dev/sdc1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
ubuntu-vg-root': _______________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
ubuntu-vg-swap_1': _____________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 931,5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2,048 999,423 997,376 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1,001,470 1,953,523,711 1,952,522,242 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1,001,472 1,953,523,711 1,952,522,240 8e Linux LVM
Drive: sdc _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdc: 3,8 GiB, 4105175040 bytes, 8017920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 2,048 8,017,919 8,015,872 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 B02A2F5B2A2F1DBA ntfs
/dev/sda5 fs2K0v-KVeE-vfxU-lj3f-Szl7-SQG8-leoIQb LVM2_member
/dev/sdc1 0E28-9F59 vfat UBUNTU 16_0
========================= "ls -R /dev/mapper/" output: =========================
/dev/mapper:
control
ubuntu--vg-root
ubuntu--vg-swap_1
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sdc1 /cdrom vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
=========================== sdc1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod gfxterm
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Install Ubuntu" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash oem-config/enable=true ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================== sdc1/syslinux.cfg: ==============================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
================= sdc1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown BootLoader on sda2
00000000 15 12 85 9d 01 12 82 09 0f 00 03 15 12 85 99 01 |................|
00000010 12 82 05 0e 0e 12 85 d9 0d 00 01 15 12 85 99 01 |................|
00000020 12 82 3d 12 81 4d 10 00 02 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 |..=..M..........|
00000030 3d 12 81 4d 12 82 09 0e 00 02 15 12 85 99 01 12 |=..M............|
00000040 82 09 12 82 05 0e 0b 00 01 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 |................|
00000050 05 0e 0c 00 02 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 05 0e 0e 05 |................|
00000060 20 02 01 09 0e 08 20 03 01 12 82 05 0e 0e 0b 20 | ..... ........ |
00000070 04 01 12 82 05 0e 0e 11 81 35 06 20 01 01 12 82 |.........5. ....|
00000080 05 07 20 02 01 12 82 05 0e 04 06 11 81 35 04 06 |.. ..........5..|
00000090 11 82 25 07 20 02 01 0e 12 82 09 0a 20 03 01 0e |..%. ....... ...|
000000a0 12 82 09 12 82 31 13 20 03 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 |.....1. ........|
000000b0 55 11 82 4d 12 85 e1 12 85 e1 10 20 02 15 12 85 |U..M....... ....|
000000c0 99 01 12 82 55 11 82 4d 12 85 e1 05 20 00 12 85 |....U..M.... ...|
000000d0 e1 06 20 01 01 12 85 e1 09 20 02 01 12 85 e1 12 |.. ...... ......|
000000e0 85 e1 0f 20 04 01 12 85 e1 12 85 e1 12 85 e5 11 |... ............|
000000f0 82 4d 0d 20 01 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 55 12 85 e1 |.M. ........U...|
00000100 10 20 02 15 12 85 99 01 12 82 55 12 85 e1 11 82 |. ........U.....|
00000110 4d 05 20 00 11 82 49 05 28 00 11 82 49 05 20 00 |M. ...I.(...I. .|
00000120 11 81 89 05 28 00 12 85 e1 05 28 00 11 81 89 0b |....(.....(.....|
00000130 20 02 12 81 95 11 81 89 12 85 e1 0c 20 03 12 81 | ........... ...|
00000140 95 11 81 89 12 85 e1 0e 10 20 03 12 85 b1 12 82 |......... ......|
00000150 09 0e 15 12 85 e9 02 0e 0e 13 20 03 15 12 85 99 |.......... .....|
00000160 01 12 82 09 0e 0e 15 12 85 e9 02 0e 0e 08 20 01 |.............. .|
00000170 12 85 b1 12 82 09 0f 20 00 15 12 85 99 01 15 12 |....... ........|
00000180 85 a1 01 12 82 09 10 20 02 12 85 b1 12 85 e1 15 |....... ........|
00000190 12 85 a1 01 12 85 ed 0b 20 02 12 85 b1 12 82 09 |........ .......|
000001a0 12 81 95 0b 20 02 12 85 b1 12 82 09 12 85 e1 12 |.... ...........|
000001b0 20 01 15 12 85 99 01 15 12 85 a1 01 12 81 00 56 | ..............V|
000001c0 19 3e 8e fe ff ff 02 00 00 00 00 20 61 74 00 00 |.>......... at..|
000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
Unknown BootLoader on ubuntu-vg-root'
Unknown BootLoader on ubuntu-vg-swap_1'
========= Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive: =========
sdb
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-WQaoX9BA/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-WQaoX9BA/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-root'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-root'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-root'
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-root'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-root'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-root'
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-root'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-root'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-root'
hexdump: /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-root': No such file or directory
hexdump: /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-root': No such file or directory
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-swap_1'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-swap_1'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-swap_1'
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-swap_1'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-swap_1'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-swap_1'
skip_dev_dir: Couldn't split up device name ubuntu-vg-swap_1'.
Volume group name "ubuntu-vg-swap_1'" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group ubuntu-vg-swap_1'
hexdump: /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-swap_1': No such file or directory
hexdump: /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-swap_1': No such file or directory
答案1
你不小心抹掉了你的 Windows 安装。唯一能让它再次启动的方法是重新安装它，无论是从安装媒体还是从备份。有一个苗条的机会测试磁盘可以恢复足够的原始安装以进行启动，或者至少可以相对轻松地恢复文件。
如果你没有备份，而你的磁盘包含重要的个人文件，立即停止使用它！由于磁盘包含 Windows，你最好在 Windows 论坛上询问数据恢复，但你可能需要使用类似相簿找到并将文件从原始磁盘复制到另一个物理磁盘。（如果你没有这样的磁盘，你需要获取一个。）如果你非常幸运的是，你也许能够通过删除现有的分区然后使用来恢复整个分区测试磁盘来恢复旧分区；但是，至少有几个文件被损坏的可能性相当高。
附注：如果计算机预装了 Windows 10，则几乎肯定会使用 GUID 分区表 (GPT) 以 EFI 模式启动；但您的启动信息脚本输出表明您的磁盘当前使用主引导记录 (MBR) 分区表，该分区表更常用于 BIOS/CSM/传统模式启动。这可能是出了什么问题的线索。我怀疑您要么听从了（错误的）建议，在安装 Ubuntu 之前启用了固件中的 CSM，要么出于其他原因启用了该选项。然后，您在不知情的情况下以 BIOS 模式启动了 Ubuntu 安装程序，看到有关在 GPT 上以 EFI 模式安装 Windows 的投诉，并错误地将磁盘从 GPT 转换为 MBR 形式，在此过程中清除了 Windows，以解决该错误消息。然而，正确的方法是以 EFI 模式启动安装程序。请参阅我的这个页面了解有关此主题的更多信息。该页面不会帮助您恢复数据，但可以帮助您避免再次犯同样的错误。