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我在哪里可以找到 SUDO_COMMAND 环境变量？

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我在哪里可以找到 SUDO_COMMAND 环境变量？

我目前正在使用 Ubuntu 学习 Linux 的基础知识，有一项小活动需要我查找有关环境变量的信息。我已经找到了 6/7 的信息，但就是找不到SUDO_COMMAND。列表如下：

SHELL=/bin/bash
USER=student
SUDO_COMMAND=
PWD=/home
HOME=/home/student
LOGNAME=student
OLDPWD=/home/student

我注意到信息是按顺序排列的，并且SUDO_COMMAND位于用户和密码之间。我是不是在某个地方犯了错误？

答案1

SUDO_COMMANDsudo是仅在由其启动的进程（并由任何子进程继承）的环境中设置的环境变量。如果您运行sudo some-command arg1 arg2，则将包含、 和SUDO_COMMAND的绝对路径。如果您运行或，则变量将设置为启动的 shell。无论如何，您可能不会在 启动的进程树之外看到它。some-commandarg1 arg2sudo -ssudo -isudo

例如：

$ sudo sh -c 'echo $SUDO_COMMAND'
/bin/sh -c echo $SUDO_COMMAND

或者：

$ sudo env
HOME=/home/muru
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin
TERM=xterm-256color
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NUMERIC=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_NAME=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_GB.UTF-8
MAIL=/var/mail/root
LOGNAME=root
USER=root
USERNAME=root
SHELL=/bin/bash
SUDO_COMMAND=/usr/bin/env
SUDO_USER=muru
SUDO_UID=1000
SUDO_GID=1000

我注意到信息是按顺序出现的

我不知道您正在使用哪个命令，但您不能依赖set、或declare的输出按某种顺序排列。envprintenv

答案2

是SUDO_COMMAND一个环境变量，设置为 sudo 运行的命令。

正如@muru提到的-如果sudo执行一个新的shell-这个环境变量将显示在这个新的shell中

更多信息

man sudo提供以下详细信息：

ENVIRONMENT
 sudo utilizes the following environment variables.  The security policy
 has control over the actual content of the command's environment.

 EDITOR           Default editor to use in -e (sudoedit) mode if neither
                  SUDO_EDITOR nor VISUAL is set.

 MAIL             Set to the mail spool of the target user when the -i
                  option is specified or when env_reset is enabled in
                  sudoers (unless MAIL is present in the env_keep list).

 HOME             Set to the home directory of the target user when the -i
                  or -H options are specified, when the -s option is
                  specified and set_home is set in sudoers, when
                  always_set_home is enabled in sudoers, or when env_reset
                  is enabled in sudoers and HOME is not present in the
                  env_keep list.

 LOGNAME          Set to the login name of the target user when the -i
                  option is specified, when the set_logname option is
                  enabled in sudoers or when the env_reset option is
                  enabled in sudoers (unless LOGNAME is present in the
                  env_keep list).

 PATH             May be overridden by the security policy.

 SHELL            Used to determine shell to run with -s option.

 SUDO_ASKPASS     Specifies the path to a helper program used to read the
                  password if no terminal is available or if the -A option
                  is specified.

 SUDO_COMMAND     Set to the command run by sudo.

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