我将现有机器上的硬盘克隆到 SSD 上，然后放入新机器（Dell Optiplex 7050 Tower）。每当我尝试启动 JACK 服务器时，都会收到此错误：
10:37:17.310 Patchbay deactivated.
10:37:17.312 Statistics reset.
10:37:17.314 ALSA connection change.
10:37:17.337 D-BUS: Service is available (org.jackaudio.service aka jackdbus).
10:37:42.348 D-BUS: JACK server could not be started. Sorry
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: Starting jack server...
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: JACK server starting in realtime mode with priority 10
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: Acquired audio card Audio0
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: creating alsa driver ... hw:Intel,3|hw:Intel,3|1024|3|48000|0|0|nomon|swmeter|-|16bit
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: ERROR: ALSA: Cannot open PCM device alsa_pcm for capture. Falling back to playback-only mode
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: configuring for 48000Hz, period = 1024 frames (21.3 ms), buffer = 3 periods
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: ALSA: final selected sample format for playback: 16bit little-endian
Tue Mar 27 10:37:17 2018: ALSA: use 3 periods for playback
Tue Mar 27 10:37:22 2018: ERROR: JackPosixProcessSync::LockedTimedWait error usec = 5000000 err = Connection timed out
Tue Mar 27 10:37:22 2018: ERROR: Driver is not running
Tue Mar 27 10:37:22 2018: ERROR: Cannot open client name = dbusapi
Tue Mar 27 10:37:22 2018: ERROR: failed to create dbusapi jack client
Cannot connect to server socket err = No such file or directory
Cannot connect to server request channel
jack server is not running or cannot be started
Cannot connect to server socket err = No such file or directory
Cannot connect to server request channel
jack server is not running or cannot be started
10:37:42.352 ALSA connection graph change.
10:37:49.556 Could not connect to JACK server as client. - Overall operation failed. - Server communication error. Please check the messages window for more info.
Cannot read socket fd = 25 err = Success
CheckRes error
JackSocketClientChannel read fail
Cannot open qjackctl client
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: ERROR: ALSA: poll time out, polled for 31999229 usecs
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: ERROR: JackAudioDriver::ProcessAsync: read error, stopping...
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: ERROR: JackPosixProcessSync::LockedTimedWait error usec = 5000000 err = Connection timed out
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: ERROR: Driver is not running
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: ERROR: Cannot create new client
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: Released audio card Audio0
Tue Mar 27 10:37:49 2018: Saving settings to "/home/programming/.config/jack/conf.xml" ...
该问题似乎源于 Alsa 驱动程序与新机器中的声卡配合不正常。
最初，我怀疑在通过 JACK gui 访问的设置中可能没有选择声卡作为输入/输出设备。
为了验证它是否试图获取新的声卡，而不是旧机器中不存在的声卡，我检查了输出aplay -l：
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 3: ID 280b Digital [ID 280b Digital]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
具体型号（从戴尔规格表上我可以看出）是 ALC 3234。
我发现它被设置为“hw:PCH”作为输入/输出设备，我从 I/O 的下拉菜单中将其更改为“hw:Intel,3”。我重新启动了，但在尝试启动 JACK 服务器时收到相同的错误。
进一步研究后，我发现对于遇到类似问题的人来说，PulseAudio 比 JACK 更早地获取了声卡。我尝试设置autospawn = no并~/.pulse/client.conf重新启动，但也没有成功。
甚至尝试安装 alsa-base 的最新反向移植版本（适用于 14.04），但也没有成功。
以下是相关内容，看看lshw是否有帮助：
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: Intel Corporation
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
resources: irq:149 memory:f7240000-f7243fff memory:f7220000-f722ffff
任何有助于解决该问题的帮助都将不胜感激。