我一直在尝试构建一个使用 Ubuntu 14.04 和一些附加软件包的标准环境，并编写了一个快速脚本来更新 apt 并安装我需要的软件包。使用 Cubic，我加载最新的 iso 并进入 chroot 环境。
如果我只是将更新脚本复制到 chroot（在文件夹 /share 下），不做任何其他更改，然后使用 unetbootin 将 iso 放到闪存驱动器上，一旦我将其安装到笔记本电脑上，一切都会按预期运行。如果我运行修改 sources.list 文件、更新 apt 并安装大量软件包的脚本，那么我就会开始遇到问题。
我使用 Ubuntu 16.04.3 时遇到的第一个问题是在安装时出现错误，提示无法将 grub-efi-amd64-signed 安装到 /target/。启动修复无法修复此问题。
我将原始 iso 更新为 Ubuntu 16.04.4，并且如果我不做任何更改，它将按预期工作，如果我更新 apt 并安装附加软件包，它似乎会正确安装，但重新启动时我被带到 GNU GRUB 版本 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.17（最小 BASH 类行编辑）。
由于我的系统处于离线状态，我无法连接到互联网在安装期间下载，而能够使用 CUBIC 预安装附加软件包真是天赐之物。
我不确定我是否做错了什么，或者正在应用的更新是否会破坏正在传输到已安装环境的 chroot 环境中的某些内容。
我的脚本包含以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
set -eu -o pipefail # fail on error, debug all lines
# update the sources.list file
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
EOF
# Update APT and upgrade all packages
apt update && apt upgrade -y
# Install pre-determined software
apt install aptitude k3b dc3dd dcfldd minicom samba virt-manager virtualbox p7zip-full p7zip-rar filezilla bless gcp tree pv grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed shim shim-signed -y
# Remove guest login
cat <<EOF > /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
[SeatDefaults]
user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter
allow-guest=false
EOF
# Change user libvirt-qemu (virt-manager user) show it doesn't show in greeter
usermod -u 499 libvirt-qemu
# Download aptitude packages to enable operation on generic hardware profiles
aptitude install --download-only initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-core linux-firmware linux-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-signed-image-4.10.0-40-generic init-system-helpers intltool-debian linux-base linux-headers-4.10.0-28 linux-headers-4.10.0-40 linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-image-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-signed-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-signed-image-4.10.0-28-generic linux-signed-image-4.10.0-40-generic linux-signed-image-generic-hwe-16.04 usb-modeswitch-data
aptitude 软件包可以支持此 iso 可能安装的各种硬件配置文件。
希望这是我遗漏的或需要删除的简单内容，以使其正常工作。
感谢你的帮助。
约翰
答案1
一切都已修复，花时间将脚本拆分并手动运行，然后使用稍作修改的脚本进行测试，一切似乎都正常。不确定根本原因是什么，但怀疑修改 lightdm.conf 文件以及删除 shim 和 efi-grub 包已修复该问题。