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关机时上传文件时无法解析主机：content.dropboxapi.com

tag-icon • tag-icon shutdown systemd dropbox
关机时上传文件时无法解析主机：content.dropboxapi.com

我想在我的 PC 关机时将文件上传到我的 Dropbox。

sudo vim  /etc/systemd/system/upload.service
[Unit]
Description=upload files into dropbox
Before=network.target shutdown.target  reboot.target
Requires=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStop=/bin/true
ExecStart=/bin/bash  /home/upload.sh 
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

以及upload.sh脚本。

cd  /home
curl -X POST https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload \
            --header "Authorization: Bearer xxxx" \
            --header "Dropbox-API-Arg:  {\"path\":\"/test.txt\",\"mode\":{\".tag\":\"overwrite\"}}" \
            --header "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
            --data-binary @"test.txt"

bash upload.sh可以成功执行，并且test.txt文件已上传到我的dropbox。

sudo systemctl enable upload service

重新启动我的电脑。

sudo journalctl -u upload 

Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost systemd[1]: Started upload files into dropbox.
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost systemd[1]: Starting upload files into dropbox...
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost bash[117]: % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost bash[117]: Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost bash[117]: 0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0curl: (6) Could not resolve host: content.dropboxapi.com; Un
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost systemd[1]: upload.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=6/NOTCONFIGURED
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost systemd[1]: Unit upload.service entered failed state.
Apr 13 23:58:52 localhost systemd[1]: upload.service failed.

某些 DNS 错误Could not resolve host: content.dropboxapi.com导致 upload.service 失败。

我已经在 upload.service 中添加了Requires=network-online.target，如何让我的电脑在关机时 DNS 解析器解析主机？

答案1

方法一：/etc/systemd/system/upload.service
1.1 /etc/systemd/system/upload.service

sudo vim  /etc/systemd/system/upload.service
[Unit]
Description=upload files into dropbox
Before=shutdown.target  reboot.target
Requires=network-online.target
After=network.target    

[Service]
ExecStop=/bin/true
ExecStart=/bin/bash  /home/upload.sh 
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

1.2 vim /home/upload.sh

cd  /home
curl -X POST https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload \
            --header "Authorization: Bearer xxxx" \
            --header "Dropbox-API-Arg:  {\"path\":\"/test.txt\",\"mode\":{\".tag\":\"overwrite\"}}" \
            --header "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
            --data-binary @"test.txt"

1.3 sudo systemctl enable upload.service

方法二：/lib/systemd/system-shutdown/upload.service
2.1 /lib/systemd/system-shutdown/upload.service

sudo vim  /lib/systemd/system-shutdown/upload.service
[Unit]
Description=upload files into dropbox
Before=shutdown.target  reboot.target
Requires=network-online.target
After=network.target    

[Service]
ExecStop=/bin/true
ExecStart=/bin/bash  /home/upload.sh 
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2.2 vim /home/upload.sh

cd  /home
curl -X POST https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload \
            --header "Authorization: Bearer xxxx" \
            --header "Dropbox-API-Arg:  {\"path\":\"/test.txt\",\"mode\":{\".tag\":\"overwrite\"}}" \
            --header "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
            --data-binary @"test.txt"

2.3 sudo systemctl enable /lib/systemd/system-shutdown/upload.service

答案2

在系统停机时运行程序或脚本的最佳方法是使用ExecStop=单元的 来运行此类程序。ExecStart=可以是虚拟脚本（例如/bin/true），或者在最新版本的 systemd 中，甚至可以省略它。

关于依赖关系，你想把你的单位后您需要的服务，例如，network-online.target如果systemd-resolved.service您正在使用它进行 DNS 解析。原因是系统在关机时会按启动时的相反顺序停止。因此，通过订购您的服务后依赖项，这意味着你的ExecStop=脚本将运行前依赖关系已停止。

类似这样的事情应该可以工作：

[Unit]
Description=upload files into dropbox
After=network.target systemd-resolved.service
Requires=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/bin/true
ExecStop=/bin/bash /home/upload.sh 
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

像往常一样启用该单元（该--now参数也启动它）：

$ sudo systemctl enable --now upload.service

并且它将在以下情况下执行上传停止，你可以用它测试：

$ sudo systemctl stop upload.service

这是最近讨论在 systemd-devel 邮件列表中。

答案3

Execstop 和 Execstart 反转

根据这个Unix＆Linux答案：如何在关机前使用 systemd 运行脚本，你的 Execstop 和 Execstart 是相反的。

行：

ExecStop=/bin/true
ExecStart=/bin/bash  /home/upload.sh

应该读：

ExecStart=/bin/true
ExecStop=/bin/bash  /home/upload.sh

答案继续提到重新启动服务。因此，在创建文件后，请systemctl daemon-reload确保systemctl enable yourservice --now

替代方法不起作用

before=、等requires=有时会令人困惑。您可以将脚本放在/usr/lib/systemd/system-shutdown/目录中。它将在关机时立即运行。请参阅：https://superuser.com/questions/1016827/how-do-i-run-a-script-before-everything-else-on-shutdown-with-systemd

在某些系统上前缀/usr可能不同，例如，目录名仅以 开头/lib。

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