问题描述
这一切都始于我尝试安装 texlive 2016 时这个帖子。我添加了一个PPA，如下：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/texlive
然后安装texlive-full。不幸的是，安装崩溃了，然后我决定删除整个包并重新安装。
我首先尝试texlive-full使用删除apt-get remove，但出现以下错误：
$ sudo apt-get remove texlive-full
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'texlive-full' is not installed, so not removed
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dvipng : Depends: texlive-base-bin
feynmf : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
fragmaster : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
kile : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive but it is not going to be installed
latex-beamer : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
latexmk : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
prosper : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
tex4ht-common : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Recommends: tex4ht but it is not going to be installed
texlive-base : Depends: luatex (>= 0.70.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-latex-extra : Depends: luatex but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-latex-extra-doc but it is not going to be installed
texlive-latex-recommended : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-luatex : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: luatex (>= 0.70.1) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-math-extra : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-metapost : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-pictures : Depends: luatex but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-pstricks : Depends: texlive-generic-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
texlive-science : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-xetex : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
tipa : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
我尝试过'apt-get -f install，但得到的结果如下：
$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
luatex texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils
texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc
texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base
The following packages will be REMOVED:
context
The following NEW packages will be installed:
luatex texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils
texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc
texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 20 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/30,2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 9.608 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 1326901 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing context (2016.05.17.20160523-1~ubuntu14.04.1york0) ...
unknown option: format
dpkg: error processing package context (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
context
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
同样，sudo apt-get install --reinstall texlive-full失败并显示消息E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
所有这些都失败后，我尝试：
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-*
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install textlive-full
但我仍然收到以下错误：
$ sudo apt-get install texlive-full
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dvipng : Depends: texlive-base-bin
feynmf : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
fragmaster : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
kile : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive but it is not going to be installed
latex-beamer : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
latexmk : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
prosper : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
tex4ht-common : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Recommends: tex4ht but it is not going to be installed
texlive-base : Depends: luatex (>= 0.70.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-full : Depends: texlive-lang-polish (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-generic-extra (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-indic (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-spanish (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: latex-sanskrit but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-omega (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-cyrillic (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-humanities-doc (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-english (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-extra-doc (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-european (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-publishers-doc (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-african (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-portuguese (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: tex4ht (>= 20051214) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-extra (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended-doc (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-italian (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-bibtex-extra (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: latex-cjk-all (>= 4.6.0+cvs20060714-2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-french (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-german (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-arabic (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-extra-doc (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-plain-extra (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: cm-super (>= 0.3.3-3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-music (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-generic-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-formats-extra (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-humanities (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-publishers (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-games (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-greek (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: context but it is not going to be installed
Depends: lcdf-typetools but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-czechslovak (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-cjk (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-lang-other (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-latex-extra : Depends: luatex but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-latex-extra-doc but it is not going to be installed
texlive-latex-recommended : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-luatex : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: luatex (>= 0.70.1) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-math-extra : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-metapost : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-pictures : Depends: luatex but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-pstricks : Depends: texlive-generic-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
texlive-science : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
texlive-xetex : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not going to be installed
tipa : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
我正在使用 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS。
附加问题
现在的问题是我无法安装任何东西。例如：
$ sudo apt-get install travis
[sudo] password for chung:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
cp2k gnuplot pymol grace
The following packages will be REMOVED:
context
The following NEW packages will be installed:
travis
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 1 to remove and 36 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 793 kB of archives.
After this operation, 66,0 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://ftp.belnet.be/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe travis amd64 140117-1 [793 kB]
Fetched 793 kB in 1s (452 kB/s)
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-science-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-science' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-base-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-math-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-luatex' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-base' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 1349546 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing context (2016.05.17.20160523-1~ubuntu14.04.1york0) ...
unknown option: format
dpkg: error processing package context (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
context
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我试过这个解决方案
第1部分
我跑了
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get -f install
最后一个命令现在给出以下消息：
$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
context
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 41 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 68,2 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-base-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-math-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-luatex' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-base' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 1349546 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing context (2016.05.17.20160523-1~ubuntu14.04.1york0) ...
unknown option: format
dpkg: error processing package context (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
context
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
然后我sudo dpkg --configure -a再次运行sudo apt -f install，但没有任何变化并dist-upgrade重现上述错误。
我尝试了一下sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade，但退出时出现与上述相同的错误消息。
第2部分
我无法ppa-purge使用安装apt，因此我通过运行手动安装它：
mkdir ppa-purge && cd ppa-purge && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/ppa-purge/ppa-purge_0.2.8+bzr56_all.deb && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/main/a/aptitude/aptitude_0.6.6-1ubuntu1_i386.deb && sudo dpkg -i ./*.deb
然后我删除了导致问题的 PPA。我运行了：
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge texlive*
我收到以下错误信息：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
aptitude:i386 : Depends: libapt-pkg4.12:i386 (>= 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu6) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libboost-iostreams1.46.1:i386 (>= 1.46.1-1) but it is not installable
Depends: libcwidget3:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libept1.4.12:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 (>= 2.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxapian22:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: apt-xapian-index:i386 but it is not installable
Recommends: libparse-debianchangelog-perl:i386 but it is not installable
dvipng : Depends: texlive-base-bin
feynmf : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
fragmaster : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
kile : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: texlive but it is not going to be installed
latex-beamer : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
latex-xcolor : Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
latexmk : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
pgf : Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
ppa-purge : Depends: aptitude but it is not going to be installed
prosper : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-pstricks but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
purifyeps : Depends: texlive-metapost but it is not going to be installed
tex4ht-common : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Recommends: tex4ht but it is not going to be installed
tipa : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
然后：
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:jonathonf/texlive
sudo apt-get autoclean
这些命令没有给出任何错误。
但是，上述过程并未解决问题。以下是输出sudo apt -f install：
$ sudo apt -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
aptitude aptitude-common libcwidget3 libept1.4.12
Suggested packages:
aptitude-doc-en aptitude-doc tasksel debtags libcwidget-dev
The following packages will be REMOVED:
aptitude:i386 context
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aptitude aptitude-common libcwidget3 libept1.4.12
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 2 to remove and 42 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 2.520 kB of archives.
After this operation, 64,8 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://ftp.belnet.be/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main aptitude-common all 0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4 [700 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.belnet.be/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libcwidget3 amd64 0.5.16-3.5ubuntu1 [307 kB]
Get:3 http://ftp.belnet.be/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libept1.4.12 amd64 1.0.12 [142 kB]
Get:4 http://ftp.belnet.be/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main aptitude amd64 0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4 [1.371 kB]
Fetched 2.520 kB in 1s (1.752 kB/s)
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-base-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-math-extra' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-latex-recommended-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pictures' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-pstricks-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-luatex' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-metapost-doc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'texlive-base' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 1349665 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing aptitude (0.6.6-1ubuntu1) ...
Removing context (2016.05.17.20160523-1~ubuntu14.04.1york0) ...
unknown option: format
dpkg: error processing package context (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
context
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我的 apt 资源
这/etc/apt/sources.list是和的内容这些是我的 PPA（ 的输出cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*）
答案1
今天我自己也非常头疼，因为必须修复一个损坏的内核4.14.36，而且4.14.37由于符号链接错误而无法删除它。
参考这个问答：删除具有未知选项的损坏 PPA 包，但按照我的“作弊”方法，编辑文件/var/lib/dpkg/info/context.postrm并在该行后面添加：
#!/bin/sh
插入行
exit 0
保存文件并使用：
sudo apt install -f
现在它应该可以正常运行。