3 个月前，由于我正在攻读计算机科学学位，我把 Windows 换成了 Ubuntu，我不想在虚拟机上做作业，因为它的速度不是很快。然而，尽管 TLP 已激活，我的电池续航时间也不超过 2 小时。
我一直在考虑换用 Mint，但我已经习惯了 Ubuntu。有什么办法可以延长电池在不充电时的使用寿命吗？或者我应该换用其他耗电量更少的发行版吗？
先感谢您。
编辑：
top - 23:29:23 up 23 min, 1 user, load average: 1,30, 1,35, 1,24
Tasks: 344 total, 2 running, 342 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 2,2 us, 1,0 sy, 0,0 ni, 96,1 id, 0,0 wa, 0,0 hi, 0,7 si, 0,0 st
MiB Mem : 11852,5 total, 9008,7 free, 868,8 used, 1975,1 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048,0 total, 2048,0 free, 0,0 used. 10567,6 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
12010 hector 20 0 2850020 221788 82876 S 10,7 1,8 0:04.66 gnome-shell
11787 hector 20 0 281472 36024 23112 R 8,0 0,3 0:01.26 Xorg
12812 hector 20 0 961324 48208 35252 S 6,7 0,4 0:00.55 gnome-terminal-
301 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 1,3 0,0 0:02.70 irq/83-SYNA2B4B
11052 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 1,3 0,0 0:00.07 kworker/u24:3+events_unbound
12230 hector 20 0 369052 46648 27072 S 1,3 0,4 0:00.52 indicator-cpufr
12867 hector 20 0 14716 4404 3368 R 1,3 0,0 0:00.05 top
1 root 20 0 169032 12952 8012 S 0,0 0,1 0:03.29 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.71 kworker/u24:0-events_power_efficient
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/0
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:01.05 rcu_sched
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.01 migration/0
13 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
16 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/1
17 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 migration/1
top - 23:29:57 up 23 min, 1 user, load average: 0,94, 1,26, 1,21
Tasks: 341 total, 1 running, 340 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 1,1 us, 0,3 sy, 0,0 ni, 98,4 id, 0,1 wa, 0,0 hi, 0,2 si, 0,0 st
MiB Mem : 11852,5 total, 9009,8 free, 843,2 used, 1999,5 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048,0 total, 2048,0 free, 0,0 used. 10569,1 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
12010 hector 20 0 2848128 224820 84420 S 5,0 1,9 0:06.63 gnome-shell
11787 hector 20 0 289984 44564 31652 S 2,3 0,4 0:02.79 Xorg
12812 hector 20 0 963300 49732 35252 S 2,3 0,4 0:01.78 gnome-terminal-
301 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 1,3 0,0 0:03.10 irq/83-SYNA2B4B
12120 hector 20 0 387204 8456 6988 S 1,0 0,1 0:00.13 ibus-daemon
top - 23:30:00 up 24 min, 1 user, load average: 0,94, 1,26, 1,21
Tasks: 341 total, 2 running, 339 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 1,5 us, 0,4 sy, 0,0 ni, 98,1 id, 0,0 wa, 0,0 hi, 0,1 si, 0,0 st
MiB Mem : 11852,5 total, 8956,1 free, 843,3 used, 2053,1 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048,0 total, 2048,0 free, 0,0 used. 10515,5 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
12010 hector 20 0 2857888 233608 93184 S 8,7 1,9 0:06.84 gnome-shell
11787 hector 20 0 283276 37724 24284 R 2,9 0,3 0:02.89 Xorg
12812 hector 20 0 963300 49732 35252 S 1,9 0,4 0:01.84 gnome-terminal-
301 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 1,0 0,0 0:03.14 irq/83-SYNA2B4B
323 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 1,0 0,0 0:02.02 irq/128-i2c_hid
11785 hector 20 0 9016 6332 3972 S 1,0 0,1 0:00.41 dbus-daemon
12092 hector 20 0 2526096 29048 22044 S 1,0 0,2 0:00.40 cpufreq-service
12133 hector 20 0 278752 30804 18256 S 1,0 0,3 0:01.51 ibus-extension-
12867 hector 20 0 14716 4404 3368 R 1,0 0,0 0:00.21 top
1 root 20 0 169032 12952 8012 S 0,0 0,1 0:03.46 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.78 kworker/u24:0-i915
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/0
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:01.08 rcu_sched
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.01 migration/0
13 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
top - 23:30:12 up 24 min, 1 user, load average: 1,02, 1,26, 1,22
Tasks: 342 total, 3 running, 339 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 15,8 us, 2,5 sy, 0,0 ni, 79,9 id, 0,8 wa, 0,0 hi, 0,9 si, 0,0 st
MiB Mem : 11852,5 total, 8914,1 free, 929,1 used, 2009,3 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2048,0 total, 2048,0 free, 0,0 used. 10474,7 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2499 root 20 0 360564 53432 14316 R 77,1 0,4 0:07.81 packagekitd
13084 hector 20 0 1109492 122176 37864 R 35,5 1,0 0:02.70 gnome-software
1277 root 20 0 2401688 30540 13608 S 12,3 0,3 0:03.34 snapd
11787 hector 20 0 292052 45376 31936 S 4,0 0,4 0:03.83 Xorg
12812 hector 20 0 963300 49992 35356 S 3,1 0,4 0:02.30 gnome-terminal-
301 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,6 0,0 0:03.23 irq/83-SYNA2B4B
398 root 19 -1 190984 43232 41144 S 0,6 0,4 0:01.16 systemd-journal
13087 hector 20 0 422332 28540 19924 S 0,6 0,2 0:00.15 update-notifier
1 root 20 0 169032 12952 8012 S 0,3 0,1 0:03.49 systemd
323 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,3 0,0 0:02.07 irq/128-i2c_hid
1251 message+ 20 0 9908 6508 3852 S 0,3 0,1 0:03.52 dbus-daemon
1258 root 20 0 241172 7884 6780 S 0,3 0,1 0:00.24 accounts-daemon
1375 root 20 0 244144 11008 7768 S 0,3 0,1 0:03.58 polkitd
2125 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,3 0,0 0:00.48 kworker/u24:2-events_power_efficient
11785 hector 20 0 9016 6332 3972 S 0,3 0,1 0:00.43 dbus-daemon
12063 hector 20 0 317308 9032 8004 S 0,3 0,1 0:00.01 goa-identity-se
12092 hector 20 0 2534292 29244 22044 S 0,3 0,2 0:00.45 cpufreq-service
12867 hector 20 0 14716 4404 3368 R 0,3 0,0 0:00.25 top
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.79 kworker/u24:0-events_unbound
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/0
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:01.09 rcu_sched
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.01 migration/0
13 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
16 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/1
17 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 migration/1
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/1
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-kblockd
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/2
22 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/2
23 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 migration/2
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/2
26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/2:0H-kblockd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/3
28 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 idle_inject/3
29 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.02 migration/3
30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/3
32 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 kworker/3:0H-kblockd
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0,0 0,0 0:00.00 cpuhp/4
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 12
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-7
Off-line CPU(s) list: 8-11
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 6
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 158
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
Stepping: 10
CPU MHz: 1400.104
CPU max MHz: 4100,0000
CPU min MHz: 800,0000
BogoMIPS: 4399.99
Virtualisation: VT-x
L1d cache: 96 KiB
L1i cache: 96 KiB
L2 cache: 768 KiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: Split huge pages
Vulnerability L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Full generic retpoline, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RSB filling
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon
pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcn
t tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgs
base tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_
epp md_clear flush_l1d
编辑2：
Time User Nice Sys Idle IO Run Ctxt/s IRQ/s Watts
11:22:36 0.4 0.0 0.1 98.1 1.5 1 803 737 18.12
11:22:46 0.2 0.0 0.1 99.7 0.0 1 587 310 17.99
11:22:56 0.3 0.0 0.1 98.9 0.7 1 680 346 17.93
11:23:06 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 594 312 17.92
11:23:16 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 658 349 17.89
11:23:26 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 673 349 17.89
11:23:36 0.3 0.0 0.2 99.5 0.0 1 675 361 17.89
11:23:46 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.2 0.4 1 643 333 17.88
11:23:56 0.3 0.0 0.2 99.5 0.0 1 663 342 17.87
11:24:06 0.2 0.0 0.1 99.8 0.0 1 588 320 17.84
11:24:16 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.2 1 666 352 17.85
11:24:26 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.3 0.2 1 788 417 17.90
11:24:36 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.3 0.1 1 706 390 17.88
11:24:46 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 601 315 17.85
11:24:56 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.2 1 692 364 17.88
11:25:06 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 598 318 17.86
11:25:16 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 684 370 17.86
11:25:26 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.4 0.1 1 735 402 17.88
11:25:36 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 674 368 17.88
11:25:46 0.2 0.0 0.0 99.5 0.2 1 606 310 17.84
11:25:56 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.1 2 667 355 17.87
11:26:06 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 634 320 17.86
Time User Nice Sys Idle IO Run Ctxt/s IRQ/s Watts
11:26:16 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 652 342 17.86
11:26:26 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.1 1 670 340 17.86
11:26:36 0.6 0.0 0.3 99.0 0.1 1 1359 2139 18.00
11:26:46 0.6 0.0 0.2 99.1 0.1 1 1125 1684 18.02
11:26:56 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.2 1 600 313 17.95
11:27:06 1.1 0.0 0.2 98.6 0.1 1 975 467 17.99
11:27:16 0.3 0.0 0.2 99.5 0.1 1 669 334 17.93
11:27:26 0.3 0.0 0.2 99.5 0.1 1 641 332 17.89
11:27:36 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.3 0.1 1 898 986 17.95
11:27:46 0.2 0.0 0.1 99.7 0.1 1 595 304 17.91
11:27:56 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.1 1 661 335 17.89
11:28:06 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.7 0.0 1 586 290 17.87
11:28:16 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.0 1 665 345 17.87
11:28:26 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 657 350 17.88
11:28:36 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.1 0.4 1 690 367 17.89
11:28:46 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.0 1 599 298 17.89
11:28:56 0.5 0.0 0.2 99.0 0.4 2 665 358 17.89
11:29:06 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.1 1 595 309 17.88
11:29:16 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.1 1 667 349 17.89
11:29:26 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.1 1 665 350 17.88
11:29:36 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.2 1 680 372 17.89
11:29:46 0.2 0.0 0.1 99.7 0.1 1 599 316 17.87
Time User Nice Sys Idle IO Run Ctxt/s IRQ/s Watts
11:29:56 0.4 0.0 0.1 99.5 0.0 1 644 337 17.88
11:30:06 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.6 0.1 1 610 326 17.87
11:30:16 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.4 0.0 1 644 341 17.88
11:30:26 0.4 0.0 0.2 99.1 0.3 1 756 368 17.91
-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ------
Average 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.1 1.0 691.2 431.1 17.90
GeoMean 0.3 0.0 0.1 99.4 0.0 1.0 680.9 382.4 17.90
StdDev 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 138.8 331.3 0.05
-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ------
Minimum 0.2 0.0 0.0 98.1 0.0 1.0 585.8 290.4 17.84
Maximum 1.1 0.0 0.3 99.8 1.5 2.0 1358.6 2139.1 18.12
-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ------
Summary:
System: 17.90 Watts on average with standard deviation 0.05
编辑3（OSPower设置）： 照片在此
答案1
我相信这在很大程度上是因为 snapd 消耗了大量电量，因为它会为已经安装的程序之外的每个新程序安装 squashfs 映像，例如：gnome-shell、gnome-calculator、gnome-characters 等等。
所有这些程序都必须安装。因此，如果您的计算机没有足够的“马力”来处理所有这些，我建议您尝试通过删除 SNAPD 来仅使用 apt 包。askubuntu 上有一篇帖子告诉您如何安全地执行此操作。
关联：
删除 snapd 之后，循环消耗和内存消耗都会下降不少。
如果您删除它，在新的 deb 包到达之前，您将无法访问所有 snap 频道和更新。