我的 wifi 卡（在 Fedora 下运行良好）无法工作。我从 dmesg 收到以下消息：
[ 38.596450] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode5.fw" not found
[ 38.596455] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43-open/ucode5.fw" not found
[ 38.596459] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website.
该网站不存在，但通过更常规的搜索，我找到了：linuxwireless.sipsolutions.net/en/users/Drivers/b43
该站点告诉我执行以下命令：
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
b43-fwcutter
The following NEW packages will be installed:
b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 27.7 kB of archives.
After this operation, 103 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 b43-fwcutter i386 1:019-3 [23.7 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse i386 firmware-b43-installer all 1:019-3 [3950 B]
Preconfiguring packages ...
Fetched 27.7 kB in 0s (64.0 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package b43-fwcutter.
(Reading database ...
(Reading database ... 5%
(Reading database ... 10%
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(Reading database ... 30%
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(Reading database ... 95%
(Reading database ... 100%
(Reading database ... 127592 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../b43-fwcutter_1%3a019-3_i386.deb ...
Unpacking b43-fwcutter (1:019-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package firmware-b43-installer.
Preparing to unpack .../firmware-b43-installer_1%3a019-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking firmware-b43-installer (1:019-3) ...
Setting up b43-fwcutter (1:019-3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Setting up firmware-b43-installer (1:019-3) ...
No chroot environment found. Starting normal installation
--2019-11-28 20:01:03-- http://www.lwfinger.com/b43-firmware/broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2
Resolving www.lwfinger.com (www.lwfinger.com)... 173.254.30.178
Connecting to www.lwfinger.com (www.lwfinger.com)|173.254.30.178|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 13514651 (13M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: ‘broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2’
broadcom- 0%[ ] 0 --.-KB/s
broadcom-w 0%[ ] 101.54K 493KB/s
broadcom-wl 3%[ ] 406.98K 981KB/s
broadcom-wl- 5%[> ] 760.49K 1.20MB/s
broadcom-wl-5 8%[> ] 1.14M 1.36MB/s
broadcom-wl-5. 11%[=> ] 1.49M 1.42MB/s
broadcom-wl-5.1 14%[=> ] 1.82M 1.44MB/s
broadcom-wl-5.10 16%[==> ] 2.17M 1.47MB/s
broadcom-wl-5.100 19%[==> ] 2.53M 1.50MB/s
broadcom-wl-5.100. 22%[===> ] 2.90M 1.54MB/s
broadcom-wl-5.100.1 25%[====> ] 3.30M 1.57MB/s
roadcom-wl-5.100.13 28%[====> ] 3.69M 1.60MB/s
oadcom-wl-5.100.138 31%[=====> ] 4.04M 1.59MB/s
adcom-wl-5.100.138. 33%[=====> ] 4.33M 1.58MB/s
dcom-wl-5.100.138.t 36%[======> ] 4.65M 1.58MB/s
com-wl-5.100.138.ta 38%[======> ] 4.96M 1.58MB/s eta 5s
om-wl-5.100.138.tar 40%[=======> ] 5.27M 1.57MB/s eta 5s
m-wl-5.100.138.tar. 43%[=======> ] 5.60M 1.64MB/s eta 5s
-wl-5.100.138.tar.b 46%[========> ] 5.94M 1.65MB/s eta 5s
wl-5.100.138.tar.bz 48%[========> ] 6.28M 1.64MB/s eta 5s
l-5.100.138.tar.bz2 51%[=========> ] 6.62M 1.65MB/s eta 4s
-5.100.138.tar.bz2 54%[=========> ] 6.97M 1.62MB/s eta 4s
5.100.138.tar.bz2 56%[==========> ] 7.32M 1.62MB/s eta 4s
.100.138.tar.bz2 59%[==========> ] 7.68M 1.61MB/s eta 4s
100.138.tar.bz2 62%[===========> ] 8.04M 1.62MB/s eta 4s
00.138.tar.bz2 65%[============> ] 8.41M 1.64MB/s eta 3s
0.138.tar.bz2 68%[============> ] 8.78M 1.61MB/s eta 3s
.138.tar.bz2 71%[=============> ] 9.16M 1.65MB/s eta 3s
138.tar.bz2 74%[=============> ] 9.55M 1.64MB/s eta 3s
38.tar.bz2 77%[==============> ] 9.94M 1.67MB/s eta 3s
8.tar.bz2 80%[===============> ] 10.34M 1.70MB/s eta 2s
.tar.bz2 83%[===============> ] 10.75M 1.72MB/s eta 2s
tar.bz2 86%[================> ] 11.16M 1.73MB/s eta 2s
ar.bz2 89%[================> ] 11.58M 1.78MB/s eta 2s
r.bz2 93%[=================> ] 12.01M 1.78MB/s eta 2s
.bz2 96%[==================> ] 12.44M 1.83MB/s eta 0s
bz2 99%[==================> ] 12.80M 1.81MB/s eta 0s
broadcom-wl-5.100.1 100%[===================>] 12.89M 1.83MB/s in 7.6s
2019-11-28 20:01:11 (1.70 MB/s) - ‘broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2’ saved [13514651/13514651]
Deleting old extracted firmware...
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_apsta.o
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_ap.o
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_sta.o
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/README
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/wlconfig_lx_shared
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/wl.mk
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/wl_default
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/wl_hnd
broadcom-wl-5.100.138/config/wlconfig_nomimo
This file is recognised as:
filename : wl_apsta.o
version : 666.2
MD5 : e1b05e268bcdbfef3560c28fc161f30e
Extracting b43/lp0initvals14.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0bsinitvals25.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals25.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals17.fw
Extracting b43/ucode17_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/ucode16_lp.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn1initvals27.fw
Extracting b43/lp2bsinitvals19.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn3bsinitvals21.fw
Extracting b43/ucode16_sslpn.fw
ucode time: 01:15:07
Extracting b43/ucode25_lcn.fw
Extracting b43/ucode21_sslpn.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals14.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/ucode20_sslpn.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/lp1initvals20.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/lp2initvals19.fw
Extracting b43/n2bsinitvals19.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn4bsinitvals22.fw
Extracting b43/ucode16_sslpn_nobt.fw
ucode date: 2011-02-23
Extracting b43/n1bsinitvals20.fw
Extracting b43/n1initvals20.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/ucode22_sslpn.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/ht0initvals26.fw
Extracting b43/ucode33_lcn40.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn1bsinitvals20.fw
Extracting b43/lcn400bsinitvals33.fw
Extracting b43/ucode14.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0initvals5.fw
Extracting b43/lp1bsinitvals22.fw
Extracting b43/n16initvals30.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals16.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1bsinitvals25.fw
Extracting b43/lcn400initvals33.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals24.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2bsinitvals26.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1initvals26.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals22.fw
Extracting b43/n18initvals32.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2initvals26.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals11.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2initvals24.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0initvals26.fw
Extracting b43/n0absinitvals11.fw
Extracting b43/ucode21_sslpn_nobt.fw
ucode time: 01:15:07
Extracting b43/ucode26_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/n2initvals19.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn3initvals21.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn4initvals22.fw
Extracting b43/pcm5.fw
Extracting b43/ucode22_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/ucode9.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2initvals25.fw
Extracting b43/lp1initvals22.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn1bsinitvals27.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0initvals24.fw
Extracting b43/ucode32_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/n18bsinitvals32.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals24.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals25.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals5.fw
Extracting b43/ucode24_lcn.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals17.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals16.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals15.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals5.fw
Extracting b43/ucode20_sslpn_nobt.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1initvals24.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn0initvals16.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/lp1bsinitvals20.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn2initvals19.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1bsinitvals24.fw
Extracting b43/ucode5.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2bsinitvals24.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals16.fw
Extracting b43/ucode19_sslpn_nobt.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/ucode11.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals16.fw
Extracting b43/ucode16_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0bsinitvals26.fw
Extracting b43/ht0initvals29.fw
Extracting b43/lcn2bsinitvals25.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/ucode29_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0bsinitvals24.fw
Extracting b43/ucode19_sslpn.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1initvals25.fw
Extracting b43/ucode30_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/n16bsinitvals30.fw
Extracting b43/ucode25_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/ucode24_mimo.fw
Extracting b43/ucode27_sslpn.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/ht0bsinitvals26.fw
Extracting b43/ucode13.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn2bsinitvals19.fw
Extracting b43/ucode15.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals15.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals11.fw
Extracting b43/lcn0initvals25.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn0bsinitvals16.fw
Extracting b43/sslpn1initvals20.fw
Extracting b43/lcn1bsinitvals26.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals22.fw
Extracting b43/ht0bsinitvals29.fw
因此看起来好像找到了文件，但是当我重新启动时，我收到完全相同的错误消息。
我正在运行实时 USB，这是问题吗？
任何帮助都将不胜感激！我的笔记本电脑太旧了，无法更新到 Fedora 的最新版本，除了我的 WiFi 问题之外，Lubuntu 对我来说似乎是一个很好的解决方案。
答案1
...所以我安装到了我的硬盘上，按照以下说明操作后一切都很顺利https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WiFiDocs/Driver/bcm43xx#Switching_between_drivers。
谢谢 ！