我有一台可以双启动 Windows 10 和 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 的笔记本电脑，但因进水而损坏。修复后，笔记本电脑直接启动到 Windows 10（GRUB 消失了），因此无法启动 Ubuntu。我尝试了几种方法修复它：
- 通过取消选中控制面板->电源选项->选择电源按钮的功能->更改当前不可用的设置->打开快速启动（推荐）（像这样：https://www.windowscentral.com/how-disable-windows-10-fast-startup）
- 通过使用 ubuntu 18.04 LTS（“尝试 ubuntu”模式）启动 live-usb 会话并输入以下命令：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
像这儿：https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
这些解决方案都不起作用。在情况 2) 中，没有任何“推荐修复”按钮，我只能创建一个 bootinfo 摘要。这是来自 boot-repair 的 pastebin：http://paste.ubuntu.com/p/5gdC3PZz3c/
boot-repair-4ppa103 [20200508_0042]
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1.
=> Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
nvme0n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/Boot/fbx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg /efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
/efi/Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi
/efi/dell/SOS/bootmgfw.efi /efi/dell/SOS/bootmgr.efi
/efi/dell/SOS/bootx64.efi /efi/dell/SOS/memtest.efi
nvme0n1p2: _____________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
nvme0n1p3: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
nvme0n1p4: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
nvme0n1p5: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
nvme0n1p6: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
nvme0n1p7: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/nvme0n1p7: cannot mount; probably corrupted filesystem on /dev/nvme0n1p7.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.03
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 32784 of /dev/sda1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
================================ 2 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS on nvme0n1p7
OS#2: Windows on nvme0n1p3
============================ Architecture/Host Info ============================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Live-session OS is Ubuntu 64-bit (Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS, bionic, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS is EFI-compatible, and is setup in EFI-mode for this live-session.
efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0006
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0006,0005,0001,0002,0003,0004
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,3e6c1d35-407c-4e2d-9d2b-b92d4f9e38e0,0x800,0x145000)/File(FI\Microsoft\Bootootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...K................
Boot0001* Diskette Drive BBS(Floppy,Diskette Drive,0x0)..BO
Boot0002* USB Storage Device BBS(USB,Generic Flash Disk 8.07,0x0)..BO
Boot0003* CD/DVD/CD-RW Drive BBS(CDROM,CD/DVD/CD-RW Drive,0x0)..BO
Boot0004* Onboard NIC BBS(Network,Onboard NIC,0x0)..BO
Boot0005* UEFI: PC401 NVMe SK hynix 1TB, Partition 1 HD(1,GPT,3e6c1d35-407c-4e2d-9d2b-b92d4f9e38e0,0x800,0x145000)/File(FI\Microsoft\Bootootmgfw.efi)..BO
Boot0006* UEFI: Generic Flash Disk 8.07, Partition 1 PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(0,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x8a2f0,0x800,0xeff800)..BO SecureBoot disabled.
f7a57b08bc7c1c85417ae4cea582d1d4 nvme0n1p1/Boot/bootx64.efi
bed45d1c9554cea09924d3814cb7c446 nvme0n1p1/Boot/fbx64.efi
256fe27540b54b71cf38110338247688 nvme0n1p1/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi
0460d855b6d422c080c1de02010c3ffd nvme0n1p1/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
4487628005555bfd4a4c0a47211e0700 nvme0n1p1/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
f7a57b08bc7c1c85417ae4cea582d1d4 nvme0n1p1/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
cb8e4284804d56f058c0e1cf111eeedd nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
3df357ffd0654bb80f2a575485e6e0cc nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
0cb9f3b3c8d825520dde53221387d4ee nvme0n1p1/dell/SOS/bootmgfw.efi
49050fba765e329db1ca700638c34849 nvme0n1p1/dell/SOS/bootmgr.efi
0cb9f3b3c8d825520dde53221387d4ee nvme0n1p1/dell/SOS/bootx64.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
nvme0n1 : GPT, noBIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
nvme0n1p3 : is-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p4 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p5 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p6 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p7 : is-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p4 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, no-winload, recovery-or-hidden, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p5 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, no-winload, recovery-or-hidden, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p6 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, no-winload, recovery-or-hidden, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p7 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, notbiosboot, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p3 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p4 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p5 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p6 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p7 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk nvme0n1: 953.9 GiB, 1024209543168 bytes, 2000409264 sectors
Disk identifier: 0DC8655E-37D4-454B-8B45-2213F41CE3A1
Start End Sectors Size Type
nvme0n1p1 2048 1333247 1331200 650M EFI System
nvme0n1p2 1333248 1595391 262144 128M Microsoft reserved
nvme0n1p3 1595392 1355689983 1354094592 645.7G Microsoft basic data
nvme0n1p4 1970089984 1972117503 2027520 990M Windows recovery environment
nvme0n1p5 1972117504 1998161919 26044416 12.4G Windows recovery environment
nvme0n1p6 1998163968 2000408575 2244608 1.1G Windows recovery environment
nvme0n1p7 1355689984 1970089983 614400000 293G Linux filesystem
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk sda: 7.5 GiB, 8053063680 bytes, 15728640 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x0008a2f0
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sda1 * 2048 15728639 15726592 7.5G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:8053MB:scsi:512:512:msdos:Generic Flash Disk:;
1:1049kB:8053MB:8052MB:fat32::boot, lba;
nvme0n1:1024GB:nvme:512:512:gpt:PC401 NVMe SK hynix 1TB:;
1:1049kB:683MB:682MB:fat32:EFI system partition:boot, esp;
2:683MB:817MB:134MB::Microsoft reserved partition:msftres;
3:817MB:694GB:693GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
7:694GB:1009GB:315GB:ext4::;
4:1009GB:1010GB:1038MB:ntfs::hidden, diag;
5:1010GB:1023GB:13.3GB:ntfs::hidden, diag;
6:1023GB:1024GB:1149MB:ntfs::hidden, diag;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
└─sda1 vfat EC2B-0157 0008a2f0-01 UBUNTU 18_0
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat C6D8-B3A2 3e6c1d35-407c-4e2d-9d2b-b92d4f9e38e0 ESP EFI system partition
├─nvme0n1p2 0283a1e6-e8aa-4b45-9870-8ef5946a7a2e Microsoft reserved partition
├─nvme0n1p3 ntfs 060E26390E262263 491a5599-aead-4ea4-86e3-8b796b50dbe9 OS Basic data partition
├─nvme0n1p4 ntfs 8CA00118A0010A82 5492e920-6ff2-4303-a9b0-29b9274e7105 WINRETOOLS
├─nvme0n1p5 ntfs A410019D10017816 ab8e8c80-ca6d-4263-93f3-358de1396323 Image
├─nvme0n1p6 ntfs 121A17A31A1782C1 efcc2555-11e5-4071-94f5-b6acb5ada1d8 DELLSUPPORT
└─nvme0n1p7 ext4 8519d044-4c5f-4444-b36e-ab625d82182b b09b8d08-d179-43b8-a9d5-2fb70dd5becf
df (filtered): _________________________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
nvme0n1p1 556.3M 14% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1
nvme0n1p3 271.5G 58% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p3
nvme0n1p4 470.7M 52% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p4
nvme0n1p5 231.3M 98% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p5
nvme0n1p6 467.8M 57% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p6
sda1 5.5G 26% /cdrom
Mount options: __________________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
nvme0n1p3 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
nvme0n1p4 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
nvme0n1p5 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
nvme0n1p6 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
sda1 ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
=================== nvme0n1p1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ===================
search.fs_uuid 8519d044-4c5f-4444-b36e-ab625d82182b root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
====================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Try Ubuntu without installing
Install Ubuntu
OEM install (for manufacturers)
Check disc for defects
========================= sda1/syslinux.cfg (filtered) =========================
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
==================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
=============================== StdErr Messages ================================
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[142070]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 18295: /bin/bash
Error code 32
mount -r /dev/nvme0n1p7 /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p7
mount -r /dev/nvme0n1p7 : Error code 32
Error code 32
mount -r /dev/nvme0n1p7 /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p7
mount -r /dev/nvme0n1p7 : Error code 32
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would not act on the MBR.
Additional repair would be performed: win-legacy-basic-fix
安装似乎有问题：
mount: /mnt/BootInfo/nvme0n1p7: cannot mount; probably corrupted filesystem on /dev/nvme0n1p7.
任何帮助都将非常感激。
编辑 1：我从这里放了启动修复盘（https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/) 并启动它。结果如下：启动修复的结果
此后我无法输入任何命令，所以我唯一的选择就是强制关闭计算机。
答案1
我认为您需要将 Boot Repair（您正在使用的相同工具。不错的选择）放在外部 CD 或 USB 上，然后重试。
之后，当 Win 10 更新时，Bios 可能会变得混乱。进入那里，摆弄 Legacy 和 Secure Boot。这会有所帮助。
还要确保 Ubuntu 在启动顺序中位于顶部。
答案2
我设法解决了这个问题。必须采取以下步骤：
- 启动实时会话 ubuntu 18.04
- 在终端中安装 gparted（sudo apt-get install gparted）并运行它
- 选择正确的分区（nvme0n1p7）并运行“检查”功能
- 最后安装启动修复并点击“推荐修复”按钮
重启后grub显示正常。