我是论坛新手，这是我的第一个问题。我需要帮助修复 Ubuntu 安装。我有一台预装了 Windows 的联想 IdeaPad 320-15IKB。我以双启动方式安装了 Ubuntu 20.10。三天前系统坏了。它运行缓慢，我试图清理一些磁盘空间。在这样做的过程中，我想我使用在网上找到的一些脚本删除了内核文件。
如果我正常启动系统，它甚至不会启动 Windows，也没有任何 grub2 启动选项。与此同时，我用 Boot-Repair 创建了一个实时 USB 并从那里启动。Boot-Repair 执行后，它产生了跟随网址。
我再次启动了实时会话，它生成了一个新的 URL（链接已更新）。我将粘贴内容供社区使用。
如果我在实时会话中启动 GParted，则笔记本电脑硬盘的分区不可见（GParted 不会读取 2T 硬盘？）。
boot-repair-4ppa125 [20210126_1315]
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.03
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 16392 of /dev/sdb1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
================================ 0 OS detected =================================
============================ Architecture/Host Info ============================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Live-session OS is Ubuntu 64-bit (Boot-Repair-Disk 64bit 20200604, bionic, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS is EFI-compatible, and is setup in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot disabled.
efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001,0004,2003,2001,2002
Boot0000* Linpus lite HD(1,MBR,0x851d18a3,0x800,0x78b800)/File(\EFI\Boot\grubx64.efi)RC
Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,28235dfd-a1b5-4667-ba74-2abbb89f5e40,0x800,0x82000)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)RC
Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)RC
Boot0003* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0004* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,28235dfd-a1b5-4667-ba74-2abbb89f5e40,0x800,0x82000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)RC
Boot0005* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)RC
Boot0006* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0007* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)RC
Boot0008* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (8C-16-45-95-38-E3) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(8c16459538e3,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0009* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,28235dfd-a1b5-4667-ba74-2abbb89f5e40,0x800,0x82000)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...m................
Boot2001* EFI USB Device RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network RC
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sdb: 3.8 GiB, 4051697664 bytes, 7913472 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x851d18a3
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdb1 * 2048 7913471 7911424 3.8G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
Disk zram0: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram1: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram2: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram3: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram4: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram5: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram6: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
Disk zram7: 987.2 MiB, 1035186176 bytes, 252731 sectors
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sdb:4052MB:scsi:512:512:msdos:Sony Storage Media:;
1:1049kB:4052MB:4051MB:fat32::boot, lba;
zram5:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram3:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram1:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram6:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram4:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram2:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram0:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
zram7:1035MB:unknown:4096:4096:loop:Unknown:;
1:0.00B:1035MB:1035MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sdb
└─sdb1 vfat 388C-489C 851d18a3-01 BOOT-REPAIR
zram0
zram1
zram2
zram3
zram4
zram5
zram6
zram7
df (filtered): _________________________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
sdb1 2.9G 23% /cdrom
Mount options: __________________________________________________________________
sdb1 ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
====================== sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Boot-Repair-Disk session
Boot-Repair-Disk session (failsafe)
========================= sdb1/syslinux.cfg (filtered) =========================
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
==================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
========= Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive ==========
sda
=============================== StdErr Messages ================================
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[74510]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 4495: /bin/bash
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would not act on the boot.
原来是硬盘坏了，无法读取了。拿到数据恢复公司，恢复了部分数据。