我尝试了网上的多种方法来解决这个问题，比如sudo apt-get -f install运行sudo apt-get clean
这是我尝试使用软件更新程序进行更新时得到的结果：
Check if you are using third party repositories. If so disable them, since they are a common source of problems.
Furthermore run the following command in a Terminal: apt-get install -f
Transaction failed: The package system is broken
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-modules: PreDepends: libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1) but 1:2.8.5-2ubuntu6 is installed
PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.27) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is installed
PreDepends: libcrypt1 (>= 1:4.1.0) but 1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4 is installed
PreDepends: libselinux1 (>= 2.1.9) but 3.0-1build2 is installed
PreDepends: libpam-modules-bin (= 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2) but 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3 is installed
我尝试按照本指南的答案进行操作，但没有帮助：添加 PPA 后如何解决未满足的依赖关系？
结果sudo apt-get update：
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/nathan-renniewaldock/flux/ubuntu focal Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
顺便说一下，我正在运行 20.04 版本。我是菜鸟，所以我不知道该怎么做，我只需要修复这个问题
编辑：结果sudo get update：
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Hit:3 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:4 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Get:5 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [29,0 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [63,7 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2.464 B]
Fetched 310 kB in 2s (148 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
58 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
结果sudo get upgrade：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-modules : PreDepends: libpam-modules-bin (= 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2)
Recommends: update-motd but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
结果apt --fix-broken install
apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libgsoap-2.8.91 libllvm11 liblzf1 libvncserver1 shim virtualbox-dkms
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libpam-modules
Recommended packages:
update-motd
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpam-modules
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 57 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/260 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable
(Reading database ... 258871 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules_1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3_amd64.deb ...
debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3_amd64.deb (--unpack):
new libpam-modules:amd64 package pre-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
结果sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-modules : PreDepends: libpam-modules-bin (= 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2)
Recommends: update-motd but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
输出apt policy libpam-modules
libpam-modules:
Installed: 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2
Candidate: 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3
Version table:
1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
*** 1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
1.3.1-5ubuntu4 500
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
我无法安装 Synaptic Package Manager，因为我无法安装任何程序
答案1
步骤 1 是从源列表中删除损坏的存储库。它不适用于 20.04 Focal。
您可以通过打开软件和更新工具，单击其他软件选项卡，然后取消勾选存储库旁边的框，或者通过sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:nathan-renniewaldock/flux在终端中输入来执行此操作。
如果您执行了后者程序，请执行sudo apt update。
好的，接下来还有问题。
第 2 步修订
apt policy libpam-modules查看---的输出
已安装软件包的孤立版本1.3.1-5ubuntu4.2。它不是来自正常存储库。看起来您添加了一个 ppa，从中安装了软件包，然后删除了 ppa。或者以其他非标准方式安装了它。
我会尝试使用 Synaptic Package Manager 强制安装1.3.1-5ubuntu4.3。如果它允许您在损坏的系统上安装。但是在接受建议的更改之前，请仔细检查