我在使用 Ubuntu 20.04，我试图了解我的 Linux 内核发生了什么，但有些东西对我来说看起来很奇怪。当前内核应该是：
@precision-3551:~$ uname -r
5.13.0-44-generic
但我还可以看到还有其他已安装的内核。有一点很奇怪，安装的内核要么是，5.13要么是5.4，中间没有任何东西：
@precision-3551:~$ dpkg --list | egrep -i --color 'linux-image|linux-headers'
ii linux-headers-5.0.0-1034-oem-osp1 5.0.0-1034.39 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-5.13.0-41-generic 5.13.0-41.46~20.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-5.13.0-44-generic 5.13.0-44.49~20.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-113 5.4.0-113.127 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.4.0
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-113-generic 5.4.0-113.127 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-generic 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
ii linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04 5.13.0.44.49~20.04.28 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
rc linux-image-5.0.0-1034-oem-osp1 5.0.0-1034.39 amd64 Signed kernel image oem-osp1
ii linux-image-5.13.0-41-generic 5.13.0-41.46~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.13.0-44-generic 5.13.0-44.49~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-100-generic 5.4.0-100.113 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-104-generic 5.4.0-104.118 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-105-generic 5.4.0-105.119 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-107-generic 5.4.0-107.121 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-109-generic 5.4.0-109.123 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-110-generic 5.4.0-110.124 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.4.0-113-generic 5.4.0-113.127 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic 5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-66-generic 5.4.0-66.74~18.04.2 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-70-generic 5.4.0-70.78~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-71-generic 5.4.0-71.79~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-72-generic 5.4.0-72.80~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-73-generic 5.4.0-73.82~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-74-generic 5.4.0-74.83~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-77-generic 5.4.0-77.86~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-80-generic 5.4.0-80.90~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-81-generic 5.4.0-81.91~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-84-generic 5.4.0-84.94~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-86-generic 5.4.0-86.97~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-87-generic 5.4.0-87.98~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic 5.4.0-89.100~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-90-generic 5.4.0-90.101 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-91-generic 5.4.0-91.102 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-92-generic 5.4.0-92.103 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-94-generic 5.4.0-94.106 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-96-generic 5.4.0-96.109 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-97-generic 5.4.0-97.110 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-99-generic 5.4.0-99.112 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04 5.13.0.44.49~20.04.28 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-oem-osp1 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Depends on the generic kernel image (dummy transitional package)
@precision-3551:~$ dpkg --list | grep -i -E --color 'linux-image|linux-kernel' | grep '^ii'
ii linux-image-5.13.0-41-generic 5.13.0-41.46~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.13.0-44-generic 5.13.0-44.49~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.4.0-113-generic 5.4.0-113.127 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04 5.13.0.44.49~20.04.28 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-oem-osp1
当我尝试清除时，没有得到任何列出的内容：
@precision-3551:~$ sudo apt --purge autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
我也调查过/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels，正如这个答案，但在我的例子中该文件不存在。我认为通过删除内核5.4可以节省一些空间。我该怎么做，或者有什么迹象表明我不应该这样做？
答案1
让我们花一点时间简单地重新组织一下这个列表。现在可能更有意义了：
// OEM Kernel packages
ii linux-image-oem-osp1 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Depends on the generic kernel image (dummy transitional package)
ii linux-headers-5.0.0-1034-oem-osp1 5.0.0-1034.39 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-5.0.0-1034-oem-osp1 5.0.0-1034.39 amd64 Signed kernel image oem-osp1
// Original 20.04 kernel 5.4 packages
ii linux-image-generic 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-5.4.0-113-generic 5.4.0-113.127 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-headers-generic 5.4.0.113.117 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-113 5.4.0-113.127 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.4.0
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-113-generic 5.4.0-113.127 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
// Hardware Enablement (HWE) 20.04 kernel 5.13 packages
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04 5.13.0.44.49~20.04.28 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-5.13.0-41-generic 5.13.0-41.46~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.13.0-44-generic 5.13.0-44.49~20.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04 5.13.0.44.49~20.04.28 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
ii linux-headers-5.13.0-41-generic 5.13.0-41.46~20.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-5.13.0-44-generic 5.13.0-44.49~20.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc内核未安装，不占用空间。这些只是 apt 数据库中 apt 过去知道的内核条目。我们忽略其中的大部分。您有一个 OEM 内核元包和标头。OEM 内核在有限的时间内适用于特定硬件，直到该硬件的硬件支持进入主线内核。如果您的硬件在当前的 5.13 内核上运行良好，那么您不再需要那些 5.0 和 5.4 OEM 内核包。只需 apt remove them:
sudo apt remove linux-image-oem-osp1 linux-headers-5.0.0-1034-oem-osp1。看到了吗？这很容易。您拥有 Ubuntu 20.04 附带的原始 5.4 内核堆栈。但您没有使用它（您使用的是 HWE 5.13 系列）。除非您打算恢复到 5.4，否则您可以简单地删除这五个软件包。
您当前的 5.13 内核有两个版本，-44 和较旧的 -41。这才是正确的样子（您确实应该有两个）。不要删除任何这些软件包。让 apt 自动处理这个系列。
apt 似乎没有问题。它确实会自动删除旧内核——这就是为什么你
rc列出了这么多内核。你安装了这么多内核，因为你——人类管理员——没有指示 apt 卸载那些 OEM 和 5.4 元包，并且这些元包所做的就是引入额外的内核！
答案2
您的内核状态为“rc”，但某些配置可能仍然存在。如果您想清除配置，可以执行sudo dpkg --purge <name of package>，例如sudo dpkg --purge linux-image-5.4.0-86-generic。