我在家用台式机上运行着 Ubuntu 22.10。
我的系统似乎会随机崩溃，我无法想到任何直接原因。没有任何警告或可能导致此问题的任何特定操作，计算机就会关闭并重新启动，就像有人按下机箱/BIOS 上的“重置”按钮一样。
这些是我的传感器在一次碰撞后立即显示的：
k10temp-pci-00c3
Adapter: PCI adapter
Tctl: +58.6°C
Tccd1: +46.2°C
Tccd2: +44.5°C
nvme-pci-2200
Adapter: PCI adapter
Composite: +46.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +81.8°C)
(crit = +84.8°C)
Sensor 1: +46.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +65261.8°C)
Sensor 2: +56.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +65261.8°C)
nvme-pci-2300
Adapter: PCI adapter
Composite: +56.9°C (low = -0.1°C, high = +89.8°C)
(crit = +94.8°C)
iwlwifi_1-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1: +42.0°C
nct6797-isa-0a20
Adapter: ISA adapter
in0: 1.26 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +1.74 V)
in1: 1000.00 mV (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in2: 3.33 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in3: 3.31 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in4: 1.02 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in5: 160.00 mV (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in6: 672.00 mV (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in7: 3.33 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in8: 3.30 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in9: 1.84 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in10: 0.00 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V)
in11: 456.00 mV (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in12: 1.10 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in13: 680.00 mV (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
in14: 1.53 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +0.00 V) ALARM
fan1: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan2: 1086 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan3: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan4: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan5: 699 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan6: 969 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
fan7: 1422 RPM (min = 0 RPM)
SYSTIN: +47.0°C (high = +80.0°C, hyst = +75.0°C) sensor = CPU diode
CPUTIN: +41.0°C (high = +108.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C) sensor = thermistor
AUXTIN0: +45.0°C (high = +108.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C) sensor = thermistor
AUXTIN1: -128.0°C sensor = thermistor
AUXTIN2: +62.0°C sensor = thermistor
AUXTIN3: -2.0°C sensor = thermistor
Virtual_TEMP: +58.0°C
Virtual_TEMP: +59.0°C
Virtual_TEMP: +58.0°C
Virtual_TEMP: +58.0°C
TSI0_TEMP: +58.5°C
intrusion0: ALARM
intrusion1: ALARM
beep_enable: disabled
nvme-pci-0100
Adapter: PCI adapter
Composite: +45.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +84.8°C)
(crit = +84.8°C)
Sensor 1: +45.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +65261.8°C)
Sensor 2: +48.9°C (low = -273.1°C, high = +65261.8°C)
这是我的journalctl -b -1 -e输出，显示在崩溃/重启之前没有记录任何内容：
mag 29 10:49:14 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Window manager warning: Overwriting existing binding of keysym 38 with keysym 38 (keycode 11).
mag 29 10:49:14 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Window manager warning: Overwriting existing binding of keysym 39 with keysym 39 (keycode 12).
mag 29 10:50:04 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaWindowGroup>:0x5650fd7ec680] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:50:04 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaWindowActorX11>:0x5650fdea1ba0] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:50:04 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaSurfaceActorX11>:0x5651001067c0] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:50:25 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaSurfaceActorX11>:0x5651001067c0] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:52:10 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaWindowGroup>:0x5650fd7ec680] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:52:10 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaWindowActorX11>:0x5650ffdcd1f0] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:52:10 bwian-MS-7C35 gnome-shell[2742]: Can't update stage views actor <unnamed>[<MetaSurfaceActorX11>:0x565109af6f60] is on because it needs an allocation.
mag 29 10:53:08 bwian-MS-7C35 [email protected][2742]: Microsoft Teams - Preview1, Impossible to lookup icon for 'Microsoft Teams - Preview1_13-panel' in path /tmp/.org.chr>
mag 29 10:53:08 bwian-MS-7C35 [email protected][2742]: unable to update icon for Microsoft Teams - Preview1
mag 29 10:53:15 bwian-MS-7C35 [email protected][2742]: Microsoft Teams - Preview1, Impossible to lookup icon for 'Microsoft Teams - Preview1_14-panel' in path /tmp/.org.chr>
mag 29 10:53:15 bwian-MS-7C35 [email protected][2742]: unable to update icon for Microsoft Teams - Preview1
mag 29 10:55:01 bwian-MS-7C35 CRON[29178]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
mag 29 10:55:01 bwian-MS-7C35 CRON[29179]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1)
mag 29 10:55:01 bwian-MS-7C35 CRON[29178]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
我kern.log也没有发现任何相关内容：
May 29 09:48:09 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2121.745635] kauditd_printk_skb: 7 callbacks suppressed
May 29 09:48:09 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2121.745638] audit: type=1400 audit(1685346489.868:116): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" info="same as current profile, skipping" pro
file="unconfined" name="libreoffice-oosplash" pid=18136 comm="apparmor_parser"
May 29 09:48:09 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2121.767162] audit: type=1400 audit(1685346489.888:117): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" info="same as current profile, skipping" pro
file="unconfined" name="libreoffice-senddoc" pid=18140 comm="apparmor_parser"
May 29 09:48:12 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2124.796003] audit: type=1400 audit(1685346492.916:118): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffi
ce" pid=18143 comm="apparmor_parser"
May 29 09:48:12 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2124.822358] audit: type=1400 audit(1685346492.944:119): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffi
ce//gpg" pid=18143 comm="apparmor_parser"
May 29 09:48:12 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 2124.846377] audit: type=1400 audit(1685346492.968:120): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" info="same as current profile, skipping" pro
file="unconfined" name="libreoffice-xpdfimport" pid=18182 comm="apparmor_parser"
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.19.0-42-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-019) (x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-12 (Ubuntu 12.2.0-3ubuntu1) 12.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutil
s for Ubuntu) 2.39) #43-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Apr 18 18:21:28 UTC 2023 (Ubuntu 5.19.0-42.43-generic 5.19.17)
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0-42-generic root=UUID=ea1660b0-ea10-41d0-baa8-bc942fb21e02 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] Hygon HygonGenuine
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] zhaoxin Shanghai
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]: 576, xstate_sizes[2]: 256
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] signal: max sigframe size: 1776
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000a0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000009d81fff] usable
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000009d82000-0x0000000009ffffff] reserved
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000a000000-0x000000000a1fffff] usable
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000a200000-0x000000000a20ffff] ACPI NVS
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000a210000-0x00000000cacb0fff] usable
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cacb1000-0x00000000cb0a8fff] reserved
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cb0a9000-0x00000000cb10cfff] ACPI data
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000cb10d000-0x00000000ccc0cfff] ACPI NVS
May 29 11:04:23 bwian-MS-7C35 kernel: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ccc0d000-0x00000000cdbfefff] reserved
补充笔记：
- 我无法重现此问题
- 温度看起来不错，去年更换了导热膏，我使用的是高性能 Noctua NX-15 冷却器。PC 上没有任何灰尘。
- 系统已更新
- 有时，问题与 GPU 上的高负载有关或者中央处理器
- ...但压力测试并没有重现崩溃
- Memtest 没有发现任何问题
- 我还使用了一些基准测试和压力测试程序，试图对 PSU 施加一些负载，但它们缺少向导或自动测试，我不确定我是否做得正确，如果有人能给我提供一些测试 PSU 的方法，我会很高兴
- 日志看起来很清晰，就像系统在重新启动之前无法及时写入任何内容
我怀疑是电源或主板出现故障，但我无法确定问题是什么。
我如何确定出现故障的硬件是什么？
答案1
更换一个正常工作的 PSU 来检查 Ubuntu 是否仍然崩溃。
如果您没有或无法借用，请安装 Windows 10 以进行双启动设置。Windows 上还有更多易于使用的压力测试程序可供选择。运行它们以查看 Windows 是否崩溃。如果运行顺利，您几乎可以排除硬件问题。
在 Nouveau 和专有 GPU 驱动程序之间切换，并尝试不同的版本。
考虑尝试 Ubuntu 20.04 或使用 Cinnamon 以外的桌面环境，例如 KDE、Xfce 或 LXDE，看看问题是否仍然存在。