运行 Dell XPS 13 Plus，它总共有 4 个扬声器（左 2 个，右 2 个）。
ALSA（或其他）将两个左扬声器视为立体声对，因此音频仅从设备左侧传出。左声道音频 --> 左扬声器 #1 右声道音频 --> 左扬声器 #2
切换到 Windows 后，音频工作正常，因此看起来不是硬件问题。升级到 Ubuntu 23.10 后出现了此问题。
这是我认为相关的几个诊断，但如果还有其他我可以为您提供帮助的，请告诉我。
这是我的 /proc/asound/card0/pcm2p/sub0/hw_params 文件：
access: MMAP_INTERLEAVED
format: S32_LE
subformat: STD
channels: 2
rate: 48000 (48000/1)
period_size: 1024
buffer_size: 8192
这是“amixer scontents”的结果
Simple mixer control 'Speaker',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',1
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'IEC958',2
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'PGA3.0 3 Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 32
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'PGA5.0 5 Master',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 80
Front Left: Capture 56 [70%] [6.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Capture 56 [70%] [6.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'PGA6.0 6 Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 32
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'PGA7.0 7 Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 32
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'PGA8.0 8 Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 32
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Playback 32 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 DAC',0
Capabilities: pswitch
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Mono:
Front Left: Playback [on]
Front Right: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Isense Mixer',0
Capabilities: pswitch
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Mono:
Front Left: Playback [on]
Front Right: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Left I Tag Select',0
Capabilities: volume volume-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Mono
Limits: 0 - 7
Mono: 2 [29%]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Left V Tag Select',0
Capabilities: volume volume-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Mono
Limits: 0 - 7
Mono: 1 [14%]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 RX Channel Select',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'L,R' 'L,L' 'L,R' 'L,L+R' 'R,L' 'R,R' 'R,L+R' 'L+R,L' 'L+R,R' 'L+R,L+R'
Item0: 'L,R'
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Right I Tag Select',0
Capabilities: volume volume-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Mono
Limits: 0 - 7
Mono: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Right V Tag Select',0
Capabilities: volume volume-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Mono
Limits: 0 - 7
Mono: 1 [14%]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 Vsense Mixer',0
Capabilities: pswitch
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Mono:
Front Left: Playback [on]
Front Right: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'rt1316-1 XU24 Bypass',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'rt714 ADC 22 Mux',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'MIC1' 'MIC2' 'LINE1' 'LINE2' 'DMIC1' 'DMIC2' 'DMIC3' 'DMIC4'
Item0: 'DMIC3'
Simple mixer control 'rt714 ADC 23 Mux',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'MIC1' 'MIC2' 'LINE1' 'LINE2' 'DMIC1' 'DMIC2' 'DMIC3' 'DMIC4'
Item0: 'DMIC4'
Simple mixer control 'rt714 ADC 24 Mux',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'MIC2' 'DMIC1' 'DMIC2' 'DMIC3' 'DMIC4'
Item0: 'MIC2'
Simple mixer control 'rt714 ADC 25 Mux',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'MIC1' 'DMIC1' 'DMIC2' 'DMIC3' 'DMIC4'
Item0: 'MIC1'
Simple mixer control 'rt714 FU02',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 127
Front Left: Capture 119 [94%] [270.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Capture 119 [94%] [270.00dB] [on]
Rear Left: Capture 119 [94%] [270.00dB] [on]
Rear Right: Capture 119 [94%] [270.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'rt714 FU06',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 127
Front Left: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Rear Left: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Rear Right: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'rt714 FU0A',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 127
Front Left: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Capture 47 [37%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'rt714 FU0C Boost',0
Capabilities: volume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right - Front Center - Woofer - Side Left - Side Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right - Front Center - Woofer - Side Left - Side Right
Limits: 0 - 3
Front Left: 0 [0%]
Front Right: 0 [0%]
Rear Left: 0 [0%]
Rear Right: 0 [0%]
Front Center: 0 [0%]
Woofer: 0 [0%]
Side Left: 0 [0%]
Side Right: 0 [0%]
Simple mixer control 'rt714 FU0E Boost',0
Capabilities: volume
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right - Front Center - Woofer - Side Left - Side Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right - Rear Left - Rear Right - Front Center - Woofer - Side Left - Side Right
Limits: 0 - 3
Front Left: 0 [0%]
Front Right: 0 [0%]
Rear Left: 0 [0%]
Rear Right: 0 [0%]
Front Center: 0 [0%]
Woofer: 0 [0%]
Side Left: 0 [0%]
Side Right: 0 [0%]