每次我启动 steam，无论是在 Ubuntu Software 还是 apt 上下载的，都会发生以下两件事之一：-Steam 卡在获取用户数据上-Steam 打开，但您看不到界面，可以与按钮交互但全部是不可见的。
这个错误在终端中重复出现几次：
DRI3 not available
Failed to load driver: zink
即使我按照以下步骤操作，此问题仍然存在：https://dgpu-docs.intel.com/driver/client/overview.html
GPU：华硕 DG1-4G (英特尔 Iris Xe)
这里我留下了有关我的图形驱动程序的信息：
glxinfo -B
name of display: :0
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
display: :0 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
Vendor: Mesa (0xffffffff)
Device: llvmpipe (LLVM 15.0.7, 256 bits) (0xffffffff)
Version: 24.0.0
Accelerated: no
Video memory: 15862MB
Unified memory: yes
Preferred profile: core (0x1)
Max core profile version: 4.5
Max compat profile version: 4.5
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.2
Memory info (GL_ATI_meminfo):
VBO free memory - total: 31 MB, largest block: 31 MB
VBO free aux. memory - total: 13184 MB, largest block: 13184 MB
Texture free memory - total: 31 MB, largest block: 31 MB
Texture free aux. memory - total: 13184 MB, largest block: 13184 MB
Renderbuffer free memory - total: 31 MB, largest block: 31 MB
Renderbuffer free aux. memory - total: 13184 MB, largest block: 13184 MB
Memory info (GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info):
Dedicated video memory: 1911813 MB
Total available memory: 1927675 MB
Currently available dedicated video memory: 31 MB
OpenGL vendor string: Mesa
OpenGL renderer string: llvmpipe (LLVM 15.0.7, 256 bits)
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 24.0.0-devel (git-3ca1f35cbf)
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL version string: 4.5 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 24.0.0-devel (git-3ca1f35cbf)
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL profile mask: compatibility profile
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 Mesa 24.0.0-devel (git-3ca1f35cbf)
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20
sudo lshw -c 视频
*-display NO RECLAMADO
descripción: VGA compatible controller
producto: DG1 [Iris Xe Graphics]
fabricante: Intel Corporation
id físico: 0
información del bus: pci@0000:03:00.0
versión: 01
anchura: 64 bits
reloj: 33MHz
capacidades: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuración: latency=0
recursos: iomemory:400-3ff memoria:a0000000-a0ffffff memoria:4000000000-40ffffffff memoria:a1000000-a11fffff
*-graphics
producto: EFI VGA
id físico: 2
nombre lógico: /dev/fb0
capacidades: fb
configuración: depth=32 resolution=1024,768
lspci -nn | grep -E'VGA|显示'
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation DG1 [Iris Xe Graphics] [8086:4908] (rev 01)
Steam 日志：
steam.sh[8421]: Running Steam on ubuntu 22.04 64-bit
steam.sh[8421]: STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically
setup.sh[8491]: Steam runtime environment up-to-date!
steam.sh[8421]: Steam client's requirements are satisfied
tid(8550) burning pthread_key_t == 0 so we never use it
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] Startup - updater built Jan 13 2024 00:51:43
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] Startup - Steam Client launched with: '/home/chaos/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam' '-nominidumps' '-nobreakpad'
02/06 14:51:53 Init: Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1705108172)/tid(8550)
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] Loading cached metrics from disk (/home/chaos/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_metrics.bin)
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] Using the following download hosts for Public, Realm steamglobal
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] 1. https://client-update.akamai.steamstatic.com, /, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1000, source = 'update_hosts_cached.vdf'
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] 2. https://cdn.cloudflare.steamstatic.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'update_hosts_cached.vdf'
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] 3. https://cdn.steamstatic.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'baked in'
[2024-02-06 14:51:53] Verifying installation...
[2024-02-06 14:51:54] Verification complete
Steam logging initialized: directory: /home/chaos/.steam/debian-installation/logs
XRRGetOutputInfo Workaround: initialized with override: 0 real: 0xf68ad9c0
XRRGetCrtcInfo Workaround: initialized with override: 0 real: 0xf68ac1f0
/usr/share/themes/Yaru-red-dark/gtk-2.0/main.rc:775: error: unexpected identifier 'direction', expected character '}'
/usr/share/themes/Yaru-red-dark/gtk-2.0/hacks.rc:28: error: invalid string constant "normal_entry", expected valid string constant
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
steamwebhelper.sh[8677]: Runtime for steamwebhelper: defaulting to /home/chaos/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_64/steam-runtime-heavy
steamwebhelper.sh[8677]: glibc >= 2.34, partially disabling sandbox until CEF supports clone3()
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
CAppInfoCacheReadFromDiskThread took 31 milliseconds to initialize
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
Steam Runtime Launch Service: starting steam-runtime-launcher-service
Steam Runtime Launch Service: steam-runtime-launcher-service is running pid 8913
bus_name=com.steampowered.PressureVessel.LaunchAlongsideSteam
DRI3 not available
failed to load driver: zink
BRefreshApplicationsInLibrary 1: 0ms
BuildCompleteAppOverviewChange: 299 apps
RegisterForAppOverview 1: 5ms
RegisterForAppOverview 2: 5ms
（此时 Steam 执行，但不可见）
答案1
尝试了很多方法并进行了研究之后，我再次尝试安装包含 i915 驱动程序的 Intel DKMS，这次它可以工作了，我可以访问所有的图形功能并使 steam 工作，我真的说不出这次是什么让它工作的，因为在尝试之前，我刚刚将英特尔媒体驱动程序安装到 LiveCD 上以查看它是否工作。
以前，当我尝试安装 DKMS 时，我收到错误消息，无法处理该包，无论是在安装该包还是单独安装其他应用程序时，在这种情况下，我必须清除所有 DKMS 才能重新安装应用程序，就在安装之前，它显示已经内置在内核中，但我最终尝试再次安装它，它就是这样工作的。
似乎使用这个新控制器时我遇到了更多问题，例如每次新应用程序全屏显示时它都会变黑，我必须断开视频线并重新连接。
当我使用 Windows 时，我也遇到了这个问题，但只是在启动时出现，如果有人能回答这个问题，我将不胜感激。