更新 - 移除我的 USB wifi 适配器似乎可以解决问题。禁用网络也可以（但不能单独禁用 wifi）。现在怎么办？
更新 2 - 'uptime' 命令显示有 2 个用户登录。这肯定会导致我所描述的行为。我将仔细研究，看看能否确定另一个用户是谁。没关系，这只是因为我在桌面上打开了终端。
如果我登录任何帐户，选择“关闭”或重新启动都会将我带到欢迎界面。欢迎界面本身也会发生同样的情况 - 我被留在那里。没有其他用户登录。
如果我不重启后登录账户，如果我选择，欢迎界面中的重启和关机菜单选项将会起作用立即地出现欢迎界面后。请参见此处的引导图：https://www.dropbox.com/s/ufb7s6ykvlbkjxj/jarlath-EP35-DS3-precise-20130116-3.png
如果我等待 5 秒钟或登录用户帐户 - 它们将不起作用。我已经测试了几次。查看此启动图（以用户身份登录）：https://www.dropbox.com/s/yx6jgoo2c7fy6pp/jarlath-EP35-DS3-precise-20130116-4.png
但是 sudo -halt 和 sudo reboot 都可以正常工作。
我已经从登录帐户（ps -A）输出了所有进程并将它们留在这里：www.pastebin.com/e3WHtHYm
我猜想这可能是更新、软件中心的某些新东西（不太可能，因为我当时没有安装任何东西）或我发出的终端命令造成的。以下是问题出现之前的 .bash_history：pastebin.com/1DE5Tcd3
我的内核是 3.2.0-35，我也尝试启动旧内核：
- 3.2.0-32、31、30、29、26、25、24、23、22 -> 无区别
根据 bug 中的建议https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/838792我试过：
- 使用 su 在 /etc/init.d 中查找服务并删除了 1（ClamAV）。
- 杀死PulseAudio
这些都没什么用。下面是更多背景信息；
jarlath@jarlath-EP35-DS3:~$ cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d/51-ubuntu-admin.conf
[Configuration]
AdminIdentities=unix-group:sudo;unix-group:admin
jarlath@jarlath-EP35-DS3:~$ groups
jarlath adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare vboxusers movies
从 Logviewer 中，这是我尝试从用户菜单关闭时生成的输出：
auth.log
Feb 28 15:39:01 jarlath-EP35-DS3 CRON[15249]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Feb 28 15:39:01 jarlath-EP35-DS3 CRON[15249]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Feb 28 15:39:16 jarlath-EP35-DS3 polkitd(authority=local): Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session6 (system bus name :1.114, object path /org/gnome/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected from bus)
Feb 28 15:39:19 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session closed for user jarlath
Feb 28 15:39:22 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0)
Feb 28 15:39:22 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0
Feb 28 15:39:25 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "jarlath"
Feb 28 15:39:26 jarlath-EP35-DS3 dbus[580]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.184" (uid=104 pid=15385 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.15" (uid=0 pid=1438 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ")
Feb 28 15:39:30 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session closed for user lightdm
Feb 28 15:39:30 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user jarlath by (uid=0)
Feb 28 15:39:30 jarlath-EP35-DS3 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0
Feb 28 15:39:34 jarlath-EP35-DS3 polkitd(authority=local): Registered Authentication Agent for unix-session:/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Session9 (system bus name :1.198 [/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1], object path /org/gnome/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8)
Feb 28 15:39:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 dbus[580]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.208" (uid=1000 pid=15640 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.15" (uid=0 pid=1438 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ")
syslog
Feb 28 15:39:01 jarlath-EP35-DS3 CRON[15250]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -depth -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -cmin +$(/usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime) ! -execdir fuser -s {} 2>/dev/null \; -delete)
Feb 28 15:39:16 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[3479]: WARNING: Unable to load desktop file '/usr/bin/everpad.desktop': No such file or directory
Feb 28 15:39:16 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[3479]: EggSMClient-WARNING: Desktop file '/usr/share/applications/everpad.desktop' has malformed Icon key 'everpad.png'(should not include extension)
Feb 28 15:39:16 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[3479]: WARNING: Unable to find desktop file 'Transmission BitTorrent Client.desktop': Valid key file could not be found in search dirs
Feb 28 15:39:16 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[3479]: WARNING: Unable to find desktop file 'gnome-Transmission BitTorrent Client.desktop': Valid key file could not be found in search dirs
Feb 28 15:39:18 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[3479]: WARNING: Unable to stop system: Authorization is required
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.sleep-wake: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wifi: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wwan: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wimax: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.network-control: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.wifi.share.protected: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.wifi.share.open: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.system: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.own: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:20 jarlath-EP35-DS3 NetworkManager[1173]: <warn> error requesting auth for org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.hostname: (3) GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwner: Could not get UID of name ':1.126': no such name
Feb 28 15:39:21 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: client 3292[0:0] has disconnected
Feb 28 15:39:21 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: client 3292[0:0] has disconnected
Feb 28 15:39:21 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: client connected from 15280[0:0]
Feb 28 15:39:21 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: 1 client rule loaded
Feb 28 15:39:22 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: client connected from 15280[0:0]
Feb 28 15:39:22 jarlath-EP35-DS3 acpid: 1 client rule loaded
Feb 28 15:39:26 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15412 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' high priority at nice level -11.
Feb 28 15:39:26 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 7 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15416 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' RT at priority 5.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 8 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15417 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' RT at priority 5.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 9 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15418 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' RT at priority 5.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 10 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15419 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' RT at priority 5.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 11 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Successfully made thread 15420 of process 15412 (n/a) owned by '104' RT at priority 5.
Feb 28 15:39:27 jarlath-EP35-DS3 rtkit-daemon[2276]: Supervising 12 threads of 2 processes of 2 users.
Feb 28 15:39:31 jarlath-EP35-DS3 gnome-session[15446]: EggSMClient-WARNING: Desktop file '/home/jarlath/.config/autostart/everpad.desktop' has malformed Icon key 'everpad.png'(should not include extension)
Feb 28 15:39:36 jarlath-EP35-DS3 goa[15570]: goa-daemon version 3.4.0 starting [main.c:112, main()]
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 dbus[580]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.PackageKit' (using servicehelper)
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon: INFO: Initializing daemon
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.PackageKit: INFO: Initializing PackageKit compat layer
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 dbus[580]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.PackageKit'
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.PackageKit: INFO: Initializing PackageKit transaction
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.Worker: INFO: Simulating trans: /org/debian/apt/transaction/dcf18c7d7f2c412a82d3288c2df8c094
Feb 28 15:40:45 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.Worker: INFO: Processing transaction /org/debian/apt/transaction/dcf18c7d7f2c412a82d3288c2df8c094
Feb 28 15:40:46 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.PackageKit: INFO: Get updates()
Feb 28 15:40:46 jarlath-EP35-DS3 AptDaemon.Worker: INFO: Finished transaction /org/debian/apt/transaction/dcf18c7d7f2c412a82d3288c2df8c094
解决方案： 我找到了一个解决方案。我没有用它作为答案，因为它没有找出根本原因，但对于那些只对自己的解决方案感到满意的人来说，他们应该尝试一下这个建议grendndelman.net
创建一个名为 /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/usershutdown.pkla 的文件（名称必须以 .pkla 结尾），并在其中输入以下内容：
[Allow Shutdown]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[Allow Restart]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
答案1
如果有多个人登录，按下关机按钮将带您进入欢迎界面。您仍然可以使用以下命令通过命令行关机：sudo shutdown -h now
答案2
尝试一下sudo halt。看看这是否也能让你见到迎宾员，这将会很有趣。
答案3
即使这可能不是您的问题，对于遇到此问题的任何人来说，这是一个很好的提示：
我以为我遇到了同样的问题：
事实证明，如果登录了另一个会话（SSH、ctrl-alt-f1 等），“关机”将不起作用。
就我而言，第一次发生这种情况时，我打开了一个 SSH 会话来检查温度，但从那时起，它始终是某种“现在检查日志中发生了什么”的会话，这使得问题非常一致。
退出所有 ssh/其他登录可使关机再次起作用。
答案4
您可以使用命令
用户
或者
瓦
查看其他人是否以某种方式登录。