我有一台支持 UEFI 的 HP Pavilion G7 笔记本电脑和一个 250GB GPT SSD 磁盘。笔记本电脑最初安装了 Windows 8,但后来我全新安装了 Windows 10,并为 Linux 保留了一些空闲空间。
现在我想要拥有 Win10 和 Ubuntu16 Mate 16.04 LTS 双启动,带有 LVM 的 LUKS 加密磁盘。
Ubuntu Mate GUI 安装程序无法实现这种使用 LUKS 和 LVM 的双启动配置,但我发现可以遵循以下说明(针对 Ubuntu 13.04 测试):
我尝试按照这些说明进行操作,但在启动时总是无法打开加密磁盘,因为cryptsetup
失败。
这是我的程序,编号与说明中的相同:
- 从 Ubuntu Live DVD 或 USB 启动,然后选择“试用 Ubuntu”。
使用实时磁盘中包含的 GParted 创建分区。GParted。创建了 2 个分区:用于 LUKS 的启动分区和数据分区。Windows esp 也将用于 Ubuntu。
(parted) print list Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 473MB 472MB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag 2 473MB 578MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, esp 3 578MB 595MB 16.8MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 4 595MB 123GB 123GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata 5 123GB 124GB 835MB ntfs hidden, diag 6 124GB 125GB 524MB ext4 NotUsed 7 125GB 126GB 1049MB ext4 linux-boot 8 126GB 250GB 124GB linux-data ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 450M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 100M 0 part (This is Windows esp) ├─sda3 8:3 0 16M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 114.4G 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 796M 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 500M 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 1000M 0 part (boot) └─sda8 8:8 0 115.7G 0 part (LUKS)
格式化分区 sda7、sda8
使用这些命令创建 LUKS 容器
sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda8 sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda8 pv_data
正确初始化新的 LUKS 容器至关重要
ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/pv_data bs=16M dd: error writing '/dev/mapper/pv_data': No space left on device 7469+0 records in 7468+0 records out 125303783424 bytes (125 GB, 117 GiB) copied, 381.69 s, 328 MB/s
在已挂载的 LUKS 容器内,创建一个 LVM 物理卷、一个卷组和两个逻辑卷。第一个逻辑卷将挂载在 /,第二个逻辑卷将用作交换。
ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo pvcreate /dev/mapper/pv_data Physical volume "/dev/mapper/pv_data" successfully created ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo vgcreate vg_data /dev/mapper/pv_data Volume group "vg_data" successfully created ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo lvcreate -n lv_swap -L 12g vg_data Logical volume "lv_swap" created. ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo lvcreate -n lv_root -L 80g vg_data Logical volume "lv_root" created. ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk ... └─sda8 8:8 0 115.7G 0 part └─pv_data 252:0 0 115.7G 0 crypt ├─vg_data-lv_swap 252:1 0 12G 0 lvm └─vg_data-lv_root 252:2 0 80G 0 lvm
为两个逻辑卷创建文件系统
ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_root mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 20971520 4k blocks and 5242880 inodes Filesystem UUID: 1cbd1ea6-fa20-41f6-a870-5c159301bee4 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo mkswap /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_swap Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 12 GiB (12884897792 bytes) no label, UUID=d665e5d7-b81f-4078-a5d5-bb1dd137fce2
使用图形安装程序安装 Ubuntu,选择手动分区。
分配:
/
到/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_root
、/boot
到/dev/sda7
、交换到/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_swap
将其他分区标记为“不使用”,除了 sda7 boot、lv_root、lv_swap、sda2 efi windows 启动管理器
选择要安装引导加载程序的设备
/dev/sda
图形安装程序完成后,选择“继续测试”并打开终端。
查找 LUKS 分区的 UUID:
/dev/sda8
ubuntu-mate@ubuntu-mate:~$ sudo blkid /dev/sda1: LABEL="Recovery" UUID="FABE4708BE46BCBF" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="69ee7fd0-ed56-41b2-b974-b76647cb98d5" /dev/sda2: UUID="9A47-7CB4" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI system partition" PARTUUID="3cfbb43a-3bfd-48ac-b673-109f469c4d72" /dev/sda4: UUID="82324D05324D0021" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="342a1cfb-8587-4dbc-a180-4872aa23aff5" /dev/sda5: UUID="D606B52306B50611" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="6bebe835-96b9-422e-b9c1-baf69ae085b3" /dev/sda6: UUID="341a01d8-dcb7-4c51-99aa-22a84d53054b" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="NotUsed" PARTUUID="f2524ea7-8736-4998-8705-5e9d22c42b3c" /dev/sda7: UUID="d0033e81-c785-4efc-a0d3-1128b7a99792" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="linux-boot" PARTUUID="08e453f9-84ca-48b0-a26f-915f2462c578" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="UBUNTU-MATE" UUID="8EDE-65EA" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Microsoft Basic Data" PARTUUID="2c0f92b3-5d67-45c7-bc1b-ce8a1a284015" /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda8: UUID="ec4c6b1d-0bf1-41d4-81ec-754987a5532f" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTLABEL="linux-data" PARTUUID="18bf1837-1dda-477a-9007-e3478e12f565" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="FAT32GB" UUID="FE56-878C" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="58ee1847-01" /dev/mapper/pv_data: UUID="11kz5r-WtT9-c2oU-sDrB-ObWm-OCiP-t0JG9c" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_swap: UUID="d665e5d7-b81f-4078-a5d5-bb1dd137fce2" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_root: UUID="57c480e3-59c7-4203-ac5c-2a08075fd71c" TYPE="ext4" /dev/dm-1: UUID="d665e5d7-b81f-4078-a5d5-bb1dd137fce2" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: PARTLABEL="Microsoft reserved partition" PARTUUID="dfbb8924-81a1-4646-9baa-3a4977641f5e"
将适当的设备挂载到 /mnt 中的适当位置,并 chroot 到其中:
sudo mount /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_root /mnt sudo mount /dev/sda7 /mnt/boot sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev sudo chroot /mnt
在 chrooted 环境中创建一个名为 /etc/crypttab 的文件:
root@ubuntu-mate:/# cat /etc/crypttab # <target name> <source device> <key file> <options> pv_data UUID=ec4c6b1d-0bf1-41d4-81ec-754987a5532f none luks,retry=1,lvm=vg_data
在 chrooted 环境中创建一个名为 /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/cryptroot 的文件:
root@ubuntu-mate:/# cat /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/cryptroot CRYPTROOT=target=pv_data,source=/dev/disk/by-uuid/ec4c6b1d-0bf1-41d4-81ec-754987a5532f
在 chrooted 环境中运行以下命令:
root@ubuntu-mate:/# update-initramfs -k all -c update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-38-generic cat: /proc/cmdline: No such file or directory update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-31-generic cat: /proc/cmdline: No such file or directory
这些错误严重吗?
在 chrooted 环境中编辑名为 /etc/default/grub 的文件:
root@ubuntu-mate:/# cat /etc/default/grub # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptopts=target=pv_data,source=/dev/disk/by-uuid/ec4c6b1d-0bf1-41d4-81ec-754987a5532f,lvm=vg_data" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" root@ubuntu-mate:/#
在 chrooted 环境中运行以下命令:
root@ubuntu-mate:/# update-grub Generating grub configuration file ... ... /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-38-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-38-generic /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory device node not found /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory device node not found Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-31-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-31-generic /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory device node not found ... device node not found /proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory device node not found Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.elf Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin grep: /proc/mounts: No such file or directory Cannot find list of partitions! (Try mounting /sys.) done root@ubuntu-mate:/#
这里删除了几十个
device node not found
错误,update-grub 产生这么多错误是正常的吗?重新启动并启动到加密的 Ubuntu。系统将提示您输入密码。
重启期间,Windows 10 默认启动。如果我点击Esc并从列表中选择 Ubuntu,Ubuntu 会开始启动但
cryptsetup
失败并显示以下错误消息:cryptsetup: cryptsetup failed, bad password or options? /scripts/local-top/cryptroot: line:1 /sbin/cryptsetup: not found.
这次失败的原因是什么?我该如何解决?
/etc/modules
文件是空的。应该有东西吗?
答案1
我终于有时间来解决这个问题。
错误发生在第 10 步。我错过了这部分:
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sys /sys
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
修复该问题后,安装顺利进行。
有关的其他说明参考答案:
- 作者修改了答案,因此,如果您阅读了所有评论,说您可以跳过步骤 12、14、15,那么您就错了。修改考虑到了这些评论,并且这些步骤已从说明中删除,因此请不要跳过任何步骤。
- 我按照这些说明安装了 Ubuntu Mate LTS 16.4.1。
我还注意到实际上,无需退出 Ubuntu 安装程序 GUI,就可以使用 LUKS 加密分区安装双启动。此选项的缺点是您只能创建 1 个加密分区。因此,使用 GUI 安装程序,您可以进行如下配置:
- 非加密启动
- 加密根
然后如果需要的话,在加密的根目录中创建交换文件这些说明