我是 Ubuntu 新手，想在 Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS 上安装 zlib1g-dev。
命令：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
导致以下错误：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
zlib1g-dev : Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4) but 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4.1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我一直在寻找但我不知道如何解决这个问题。
更多信息：
sudo apt-get -f install && sudo dpkg --configure -a
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 3 not to upgrade.
apt-cache policy build-essential libc6-dev libc-dev g++ libpcap-dev libpcap0.8-dev libpq-dev krb5-multidev comerr-dev libsqlite3-dev postgresql postgresql-9.3 zlib1g-dev
build-essential:
Installed: 12.1ubuntu2
Candidate: 12.1ubuntu2
Version table:
*** 12.1ubuntu2 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libc6-dev:
Installed: 2.23-0ubuntu9
Candidate: 2.23-0ubuntu9
Version table:
*** 2.23-0ubuntu9 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.23-0ubuntu3 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
libc-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: (none)
Version table:
g++:
Installed: 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1
Candidate: 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1
Version table:
*** 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libpcap-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1.7.4-2
Version table:
1.7.4-2 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages
libpcap0.8-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1.7.4-2
Version table:
1.7.4-2 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
libpq-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 9.5.2-1
Version table:
9.5.2-1 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
krb5-multidev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1.13.2+dfsg-5
Version table:
1.13.2+dfsg-5 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
comerr-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 2.1-1.42.13-1ubuntu1
Version table:
2.1-1.42.13-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
libsqlite3-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.11.0-1ubuntu1
Version table:
3.11.0-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
postgresql:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 9.5+173
Version table:
9.5+173 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages
postgresql-9.3:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: (none)
Version table:
zlib1g-dev:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4
Version table:
1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4 500
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
答案1
我在尝试安装一些用于编译 Ruby 的依赖项时遇到了同样的问题。
摆脱这种困境的最简单方法是记下倒数第二行的软件包和版本：zlib1g，1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4然后发出以下命令：
$ sudo apt install zlib1g=1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4
这将降级zlib1g到所需的版本，之后安装应该会成功。
答案2
尝试用这个检查：
sudo aptitude install libssl-dev
获取消息：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
zlib1g-dev : Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4) but 1:1.2.8.dfsg-
2ubuntu4.1 is installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) libssl-dev [Not Installed]
2) zlib1g-dev [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]
然后“e”并降级你的 zlib1g-dev。
这能解决你的问题吗？
答案3
这更多地适用于 Debian 而非 Ubuntu，但如果您在获取 apt get update 和 upgrade 时遇到问题，请按照以下步骤操作。这是安装 libssl 和您需要的所有其他酷东西所必需的。
将 sources.list 复制到备份 #cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bk
使用 Nano 修改 apt 源文件 #nano /etc/apt/sources.list
将所有行替换为以下内容：
deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/ jessie main
deb-src http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/ jessie main
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main
deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib
保存文件然后运行以下命令：
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false upgrade
花了 8 小时才搞清楚这一切。不用客气 :)