当我启动我的 Ubuntu 机器时，我需要运行三个脚本，它们启动我在开发环境中使用的服务。
为此，我手动打开三个终端并输入命令。
有没有办法创建一个脚本，打开三个终端并在每个终端中执行一个命令？（每个命令都应该在单独的终端窗口中，这样我才能看到它们的输出）。
答案1
gnome-terminal -- command或者
xterm -e command或者
konsole -e command相当多
terminal -e command当命令退出时让终端停留在：
在控制台中有一面--noclose旗帜。
在 xterm 中，有一个-hold标志。
在gnome-terminal，转到编辑->个人资料偏好->标题。 点击命令选项卡。选择按住终端从下拉菜单中当命令退出时。您应该为此创建一个新的配置文件并执行
gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=个人资料名称-e命令
答案2
不要使用硬编码gnome-terminal、konsole等等，而是使用替代系统。执行默认终端仿真器的程序是：
x-terminal-emulator
在我的系统上，每次我执行此命令时，它都会打开一个新的 Konsole 实例。
幸运的是，终端似乎支持-e执行命令的选项（我已为konsole和验证过gnome-terminal）。命令后的参数将传递给调用的命令。Bash 拒绝在我的终端中保持打开状态，需要额外的脚本才能获取终端：
#!/bin/sh
"$@"
exec "$SHELL"
如果您已将上一个脚本保存为/home/user/hacky并使其可执行，则可以使用以下命令运行脚本：
x-terminal-emulator -e /home/user/hacky your-script optional arguments here
需要完整路径并且/home/user/hacky必须是可执行的。
我之前尝试在新终端窗口中运行脚本，可以在以下位置找到：修订 #2，那是在我意识到参数可以传递给之前x-terminal-emulator。
答案3
2020 年 2 月 17 日更新：这个答案现在可能已经过时了。
考虑单击此链接并使用我的其他答案：打开具有多个选项卡的终端并执行应用程序
协助@nickguletskii 的回答，以及我在他的回答下的评论，并受到@grabantot对我的评论的赞同的启发，这是我喜欢的方式，特别是当我希望终端保持打开状态以便我可以手动使用它时。
例如用法：将其添加到启动程序中非常有用，这样此脚本就会运行，打开终端，在终端中创建并命名一个选项卡，并为您运行命令。或者，您只需将此脚本的符号链接添加到您的桌面即可。我使用这种方法，这样我就可以双击桌面上的一个图标，让它打开一堆终端（带有各种选项卡，根据我要在其中执行的工作命名）和程序来设置我的编程环境，例如，用于日常工作。
这是一个设计的示例，它打开一个选项卡，将其命名为“测试”，然后cd /etc; ls在其中运行简单的命令。$SHELL最后部分强制 shell 保持打开状态，以便您可以查看其输出并继续使用它（我在 Stack Overflow 的其他地方学到了这一点）：
gnome-terminal --tab --title="test" --command="bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'"
这是一个更复杂的例子，它在同一个 gnome 终端中打开 3 个单独的选项卡。这正是我的桌面快捷方式所做的，这样我就可以一次打开一堆编程窗口：
gnome-terminal --tab --title="tab 1" --command="bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'" --tab --title="tab 2" --command="bash -c 'cd ~; ls; $SHELL'" --tab --title="tab 3" --command="bash -c 'cd ~/temp3; ls; $SHELL'"
以下是上述命令的详细说明：
gnome-terminal= 打开 gnome 终端--tab= 打开一个唯一的标签页来查看下一步--title="tab 1"= 将此选项卡命名为“选项卡 1”--command="bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'"= 运行bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'命令，这是我刚刚作为示例编写的命令；它的作用如下：bash -c说这是一个 bash 命令cd /etc= 将目录更改为“/etc”路径ls= 'l'i't 此目录的内容$SHELL= 这个神秘的提示是保持 shell 打开以便您使用它所必需的。如果您希望 shell 打开，运行命令，然后关闭，只需删除此部分。但是，我希望选项卡保持打开状态，这样我就可以开始编程了。:)- 然后我们从制作标签 2 的部分重新开始
--tab，然后再制作标签 3。根据自己的喜好进行定制。
截屏：
答案4
虽然已经晚了近十年，但这是我使用 Python 给出的答案。
下面.gif我从现有终端启动了该程序，并运行屏幕录像机来显示登录时的样子：
我为这个答案编写了一个 Python 程序。有一些 OP 没有要求但对我有益的额外功能：
- 在自动启动时运行以设置登录后经常使用的 GUI 应用程序。
- 打开多个
gnome-terminal选项卡。 - 为终端选项卡分配标题。
- 将窗口移动到桌面上的首选位置。
- 在单独的选项卡中打开
gedit并查看最后打开的五个文件。
Python程序：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#==============================================================================
#
# dellstart - Autostart GUI applications on Dell Fileserver
#
#==============================================================================
'''
CALL:
dellstart
REQUIRES:
sudo apt install xdotool
'''
from __future__ import print_function # Must be first import
import os
import time
BASHRC_TIME = 2 # Seconds to load ~/.bashrc
WINDOW_TIME = .5 # Secpmds fpr window to appear
commands = [ 'gnome-terminal &', # Launch terminal in background
'sleep '+str(BASHRC_TIME), # Bash command wait a sec
'move x y', # Move windows to x and/or y
# 'move 2100 1000', # triple monitor setup
'xdotool type "cd ~"', # Change to home directory
'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key
'xdotool type "./ssh-activity"', # Suspend after 15 minutes
'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key
'title SSH\ Activity', # Window title (escape spaces)
'xdotool key Control_L+Shift_L+T', # Open new terminal tab
'sleep '+str(BASHRC_TIME), # Bash command wait a sec
'xdotool type "cd ~/askubuntu"', # Change to working directory
'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key
'title Ask\ Ubuntu', # Window title (escape spaces)
'gedit', # Last 5 files will open up
'move x y', # Move windows to x and/or y
# 'move 3849 2266', # triple monitor setup
]
""" NOTE: To discover window coordinates, arrange on desktop and type:
wmctrl -lG
"""
def process_commands(command_list):
for command in command_list:
if command.endswith('&'):
# Launch in background and get window ID opened
active_pid, active_win = launch_command(command)
if active_pid == 0:
print("ERROR launching", command, \
"Aborting 'dellstart' script")
exit()
elif command.startswith('move'):
move_window(command, active_win)
elif command.startswith('title'):
terminal_title(command)
elif command.startswith('gedit'):
gedit()
else:
run_and_wait(command)
def launch_command(ext_name):
''' Launch external command in background and return PID to parent.
Use for programs requiring more than .2 seconds to run.
'''
all_pids = get_pids(ext_name) # Snapshot current PID list
all_wins = get_wins(all_pids) # Snapshot of windows open
new_pids = all_pids
new_wins = all_wins
sleep_count = 0 # Counter to prevent infinite loops
os.popen(ext_name) # Run command in background
while new_pids == all_pids: # Loop until new PID is assigned
new_pids = get_pids(ext_name) # Snapshot current PID list
if sleep_count > 0: # Don't sleep first time through loop
time.sleep(.005) # sleep 5 milliseconds
sleep_count += 1
if sleep_count == 1000: # 10 second time-out
print('launch_ext_command() ERROR: max sleep count reached')
print('External command name:',ext_name)
return 0
pid_list = list(set(new_pids) - set(all_pids))
if not len(pid_list) == 1:
print('launch_command() ERROR: A new PID could not be found')
return 0, 0
time.sleep(WINDOW_TIME) # Give time for window to appear
new_wins = get_wins(all_pids) # Snapshot of windows open
win_list = list(set(new_wins) - set(all_wins))
if not len(win_list) == 1:
#print('launch_command() ERROR: New Window ID could not be found')
#suppress error message because we aren't using window ID at all
return int(pid_list[0]), 0
# Return PID of program we just launched in background
return int(pid_list[0]), int(win_list[0])
def run_and_wait(ext_name):
''' Launch external command and wait for it to end.
Use for programs requiring less than .2 seconds to run.
'''
result = os.popen(ext_name).read().strip()
#print('run_and_wait() command:', ext_name)
return result
def get_pids(ext_name):
''' Return list of PIDs for program name and arguments
Whitespace output is compressed to single space
'''
all_lines = []
# Just grep up to first space in command line. It was failing on !
prog_name = ext_name.split(' ',1)[0]
all_lines = os.popen("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep " + \
"'" + prog_name + "'").read().strip().splitlines
PID = []
for l in all_lines():
l = ' '.join(l.split()) # Compress whitespace into single space
PID.append(int(l.split(' ', 2)[1]))
return PID
def get_wins(all_pids):
''' Return list of all windows open under PID list
Currently unncessary because we work on active window '''
windows = []
for pid in all_pids:
all_lines = os.popen('xdotool search --pid ' + str(pid)). \
read().strip().splitlines
for l in all_lines():
windows.append(int(l))
return windows
def move_window(line, active_win):
''' Move window to x y coorindates on Desktop
If the letter x or y is passed, that dimension remains unchanged eg:
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 100 # Moves to 100,100
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove x 100 # Moves to x,100
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 y # Moves to 100,y
'''
line = ' '.join(line.split()) # Compress whitespace to single space
x = line.split(' ')[-2]
y = line.split(' ')[-1]
# We don't need to pass window ID as last active window defaults
all_lines = os.popen('xdotool getactivewindow windowmove ' + x + ' ' + y). \
read().strip().splitlines
for l in all_lines():
print(l)
def terminal_title(new_title):
''' Rather awkward calling xdotool which chokes on double quotes and bash
via python which chokes on backslashes.
Simple format (if it worked) would be:
command = r'PS1="${PS1/\\u@\\h: \\w/' + title + '}"'
The bash function copied from is:
function termtitle() { PS1="${PS1/\\u@\\h: \\w/$@}"; }
Reference for xdotool keycodes:
https://gitlab.com/cunidev/gestures/-/wikis/xdotool-list-of-key-codes
'''
title = new_title.split(' ', 1)[1] # Strip out leading "title" token
command = 'xdotool type PS1='
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key quotedbl')
command = 'xdotool type $'
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key braceleft')
command = 'xdotool type PS1/'
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
command = 'xdotool type u@'
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
command = 'xdotool type "h: "'
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash')
command = 'xdotool type "w/"'
run_and_wait(command)
command = 'xdotool type "' + title + '"'
run_and_wait(command)
run_and_wait('xdotool key braceright')
run_and_wait('xdotool key quotedbl')
run_and_wait('xdotool key Return')
def gedit():
last_modified_files = gedit_recent_files()
command = 'gedit '
for f in last_modified_files:
command=command+'"'
command=command+f
command=command+'" '
# Open gedit with last five modfied files
command=command+' &'
active_pid, active_win = launch_command(command)
if active_pid == 0:
print("ERROR launching", command, \
"Aborting 'dellstart' script")
exit()
def gedit_recent_files():
''' Get list of gedit 5 most recent files:
grep --no-group-separator -B5 'group>gedit' ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel | sed -n 1~6p | sed 's# <bookmark href="file:///#/#g' | sed 's/"//g'
/home/rick/python/mmm added=2020-05-02T15:34:55Z modified=2020-11-19T00:43:45Z visited=2020-05-02T15:34:56Z>
/home/rick/python/mserve added=2020-07-26T16:36:09Z modified=2020-11-28T01:57:19Z visited=2020-07-26T16:36:09Z>
'''
command = "grep --no-group-separator -B5 'group>gedit' " + \
"~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel | " + \
"sed -n 1~6p | sed 's# <bookmark href=" + '"' + \
"file:///#/#g' | " + "sed 's/" + '"' + "//g'"
recent_files = []
times = []
all_lines = os.popen(command).read().strip().splitlines
uniquifier = 1 # gedit can give all open files same time
for l in all_lines():
fname = l.split(' added=', 1)[0]
trailing = l.split(' added=', 1)[1]
modified = trailing.split(' modified=', 1)[1]
modified = modified.split('Z', 1)[0]
# TODO: 2038
d = time.strptime(modified, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
epoch = time.mktime(d)
epoch = int(epoch)
recent_files.append(fname)
try:
times.index(epoch)
# gedit has given multiple files the same modification time
epoch += uniquifier
uniquifier += 1
except:
pass # Not a duplicate time
times.append(epoch)
N=5
top_files = []
if N > len(times):
# Less than 5 most recent files in list
N = len(times)
if N == 0:
# No most recent files in list
return top_files # return empty list
# Store list in tmp to retrieve index
tmp=list(times)
# Sort list so that largest elements are on the far right
times.sort()
#print ('5 most recent from lists and indices')
for i in range(1, N+1):
top_files.append(recent_files[tmp.index(times[-i])])
return top_files
if __name__ == "__main__":
process_commands(commands)
# end of dellstart
请注意，您可能需要修改BASHRC_TIME系统上的变量以使程序运行得更快。我的系统中运行着许多函数~/.bashrc，您的程序运行速度可能会快得多。
我计划写这篇文章已经很多年了，但直到现在才开始。