我在安装和运行 Lazarus 时遇到了一点问题。我刚刚将 ubuntu 从 13.04 升级到 13.10。当我使用 13.04 时，我可以毫无问题地安装 lazarus，但在 13.10 中 lazarus 神奇地消失了，当我尝试从 ubuntu 软件中心安装它时，它显示在我的软件资源中 lazarus-ide-0.9.30.4 不存在。
在网上进行一些研究之后，我尝试删除早期安装中的所有文件，从 sourceforge 下载 deb 包并安装它们，但是当我想要安装 fpc-src 时，出现错误并输出：
(Reading database ... 100%
(Reading database ... 239063 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking fpc-src (from .../Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb) ...
dpkg: error processing /home/richi/Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb (--install):
trying to overwrite '/usr/share/fpcsrc/2.6.2/rtl/nativent/tthread.inc', which is also in package fpc-source-2.6.2 2.6.2-5
dpkg-deb (subprocess): decompressing archive member: internal gzip write error: Broken pipe
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess <decompress> returned error exit status 2
dpkg-deb (subprocess): cannot copy archive member from '/home/richi/Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb' to decompressor pipe: failed to write (Broken pipe)
当我启动 lazarus 时，它当然告诉我找不到 fpc 编译器和 fpc 源。
所以，请问一下，我真的需要学校的程序，我不想再重新安装操作系统或类似的东西了:(
（Ubuntu 13.10 64位）
PS：我不熟练使用 Linux，所以如果你知道一些修复它的命令，只需将它们写下来以供复制和粘贴即可：)
PPS：抱歉我的英语不好，我是斯洛伐克人 xD
PPPS：非常感谢您的回答
更新：输出 sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc
richi@Richi-Ubuntu:~/lazarus1.0.12$ sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc"
rc account-plugin-generic-oauth 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth
rc appmenu-gtk:amd64 12.10.3daily13.04.03-0ubuntu1 amd64 Export GTK menus over DBus
rc appmenu-gtk3:amd64 12.10.3daily13.04.03-0ubuntu1 amd64 Export GTK menus over DBus
rc fp-compiler-2.6.0 2.6.0-9 amd64 Free Pascal - compiler
rc fp-utils-2.6.0 2.6.0-9 amd64 Free Pascal - utilities
rc lazarus-ide-0.9.30.4 0.9.30.4-4 amd64 IDE for Free Pascal - common IDE files
rc lazarus-ide-1.0.10 1.0.10+dfsg-1 amd64 IDE for Free Pascal - common IDE files
rc lcl-utils-0.9.30.4 0.9.30.4-4 amd64 Lazarus Components Library - command line build tools
rc lcl-utils-1.0.10 1.0.10+dfsg-1 amd64 Lazarus Components Library - command line build tools
rc libbamf3-1:amd64 0.4.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 Window matching library - shared library
rc libboost-filesystem1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++
rc libboost-signals1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 managed signals and slots library for C++
rc libboost-system1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
rc libboost-thread1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 portable C++ multi-threading
rc libbrlapi0.5:amd64 4.4-8ubuntu4 amd64 braille display access via BRLTTY - shared library
rc libcamel-1.2-40 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Evolution MIME message handling library
rc libcolumbus0-0 0.4.0daily13.04.16~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 error tolerant matching engine - shared library
rc libdns95 1:9.9.2.dfsg.P1-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 DNS Shared Library used by BIND
rc libdvbpsi7 0.2.2-1 amd64 library for MPEG TS and DVB PSI tables decoding and generating
rc libebackend-1.2-5 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Utility library for evolution data servers
rc libedata-book-1.2-15 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Backend library for evolution address books
rc libedata-cal-1.2-18 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Backend library for evolution calendars
rc libgc1c3:amd64 1:7.2d-0ubuntu5 amd64 conservative garbage collector for C and C++
rc libgd2-xpm:amd64 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6.1ubuntu1 amd64 GD Graphics Library version 2
rc libgd2-xpm:i386 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6.1ubuntu1 i386 GD Graphics Library version 2
rc libgnome-desktop-3-4 3.6.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 Utility library for loading .desktop files - runtime files
rc libgphoto2-2:amd64 2.4.14-2 amd64 gphoto2 digital camera library
rc libgphoto2-2:i386 2.4.14-2 i386 gphoto2 digital camera library
rc libgphoto2-port0:amd64 2.4.14-2 amd64 gphoto2 digital camera port library
rc libgphoto2-port0:i386 2.4.14-2 i386 gphoto2 digital camera port library
rc libgtksourceview-3.0-0:amd64 3.6.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget
rc libgweather-3-1 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 amd64 GWeather shared library
rc libharfbuzz0:amd64 0.9.13-1 amd64 OpenType text shaping engine
rc libibus-1.0-0:amd64 1.4.2-0ubuntu2 amd64 Intelligent Input Bus - shared library
rc libical0 0.48-2 amd64 iCalendar library implementation in C (runtime)
rc libimobiledevice3 1.1.4-1ubuntu6.2 amd64 Library for communicating with the iPhone and iPod Touch
rc libisc92 1:9.9.2.dfsg.P1-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 ISC Shared Library used by BIND
rc libkms1:amd64 2.4.46-1 amd64 Userspace interface to kernel DRM buffer management
rc libllvm3.2:i386 1:3.2repack-7ubuntu1 i386 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libmikmod2:amd64 3.1.12-5 amd64 Portable sound library
rc libpackagekit-glib2-14:amd64 0.7.6-3ubuntu1 amd64 Library for accessing PackageKit using GLib
rc libpoppler28:amd64 0.20.5-1ubuntu3 amd64 PDF rendering library
rc libraw5:amd64 0.14.7-0ubuntu1.13.04.2 amd64 raw image decoder library
rc librhythmbox-core6 2.98-0ubuntu5 amd64 support library for the rhythmbox music player
rc libsdl-mixer1.2:amd64 1.2.12-7ubuntu1 amd64 Mixer library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries
rc libsnmp15 5.4.3~dfsg-2.7ubuntu1 amd64 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) library
rc libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 4.2.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 Ubuntu One synchronization daemon library
rc libunity-core-6.0-5 7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 Core library for the Unity interface.
rc libusb-0.1-4:i386 2:0.1.12-23.2ubuntu1 i386 userspace USB programming library
rc libwayland0:amd64 1.0.5-0ubuntu1 amd64 wayland compositor infrastructure - shared libraries
rc linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.30 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.8.0-31-generic 3.8.0-31.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.30 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.8.0-31-generic 3.8.0-31.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc screen-resolution-extra 0.15ubuntu1 all Extension for the GNOME screen resolution applet
rc unity-common 7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 all Common files for the Unity interface.
答案1
如果您在通过软件中心安装时遇到问题，那么您可以通过下载 .deb 文件来安装最新版本。如果您想安装最新版本，那么以下方法可以帮助您。
如何通过下载.deb文件安装最新的 Lazarus（1.0.12）
首先执行以下命令删除所有 Lazarus 的残留/损坏软件包（如果有）：
sudo apt-get purge fpc lazarus sudo rm -Rf /usr/lib/fpc sudo rm -Rf /usr/lib/lazarus sudo rm -Rf /usr/share/fpcsrc sudo rm -f ~/.fpc sudo rm -Rf ~/.lazarus现在正在下载最新
.deb文件：32 位版本
在终端中执行以下命令：
mkdir ~/lazarus1.0.12 && cd ~/lazarus1.0.12 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20i386%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/lazarus_1.0.12-0_i386.deb/download wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20i386%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/fpc-src_2.6.2-0_i386.deb/download wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20i386%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/fpc_2.6.2-0_i386.deb/download sudo dpkg -i *.deb64 位版本
在终端中执行以下命令：
mkdir ~/lazarus1.0.12 && cd ~/lazarus1.0.12 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20amd64%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/lazarus_1.0.12-0_amd64.deb/download wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20amd64%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/fpc-src_2.6.2-0_amd64.deb/download wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/Lazarus%20Linux%20amd64%20DEB/Lazarus%201.0.12/fpc_2.6.2-0_amd64.deb/download sudo dpkg -i *.deb笔记：如果安装时提示缺少某些库文件，则可以使用以下方法安装：
sudo apt-get -f install name_of_the_missing_file
安装完成后你可以开始拉撒路执行此命令：startlazarus或者按+startlazarus后输入。你将得到AltF2拉撒路系统重启后，仪表板上的图标。
如果出现问题，或者您在任何命令中遇到任何错误，请通过提及出现错误的命令进行回复。
答案2
我也遇到了这个问题，最后来到了这个页面。实际上，我发现安装多个版本的 FPC 搞乱了我的 Lazarus，导致同样的错误 - 找不到单元控制供面具使用。
我尝试了此页面上的解决方案，但它们对我没有作用。
但是，这个解决方案确实有效：http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php?topic=16189.0
我所做的只是删除（实际上是重命名）位于 /home/usr/fpc.cfg 中的 fpc.cfg 文件，因为我在 /etc/fpc.cfg 中有一个冲突文件。home 文件将覆盖 etc 文件。在删除 /home/usr/ 目录中的 fpc.cfg 文件之前，请确保 etc 目录中也有 fpc.cfg 文件。