有没有办法检查服务器（无需打开并实际查看）机箱中的内存量（即有多少个可用插槽）。另外我需要知道它可以占用多少内存？
我知道我可以检查 /proc/meminfo 中的 RAM，但我更关心 RAM 的类型，有多少个插槽是空闲的/被占用的。也就是说，我需要知道我可以添加多少 RAM，以及要添加到特定类型的 RAM，但不知道如何去做。
答案1
除 之外，还有一个不错的工具dmidecode是lshw。
例如，
$ sudo lshw -short -C memory
H/W path Device Class Description
==========================================================
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/400/700 memory 16KiB L1 cache
/0/400/701 memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/1000 memory 2GiB System Memory
/0/1000/0 memory 512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5
/0/1000/1 memory 512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5
/0/1000/2 memory 512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5
/0/1000/3 memory 512MiB DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5
或者
$ sudo lshw -C memory
[...]
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 700
size: 16KiB
capacity: 16KiB
capabilities: internal write-back data
[...]
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 1000
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 2GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
physical id: 0
slot: DIMM_1
size: 512MiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM SDRAM Synchronous 400 MHz (2.5 ns)
physical id: 1
slot: DIMM_3
size: 512MiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 400MHz (2.5ns)
*-bank:2
[...]
答案2
另一个选项是lshw命令（手册页） - 它提供很多东西的输出，包括 RAM 插槽。完整输出很长，但sudo lshw -short提供摘要，包括每个 RAM 插槽一行，无论插槽中是否有 RAM。或者提供有关 RAM 的完整信息，但省略您可以执行的其他所有操作sudo lshw -class memory。
我得到的输出sudo lshw -short是：
H/W path Device Class Description
=============================================================
system ESPRIMO E ()
/0 bus D2348-A2
/0/0 memory 109KiB BIOS
/0/4 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU 6300 @ 1.86GHz
/0/4/6 memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/7 memory 2MiB L3 cache
/0/25 memory 6GiB System Memory
/0/25/0 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/1 memory 1GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/25/3 memory 1GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
/0/100 bridge 82Q963/Q965 Memory Controller Hub
/0/100/2 display 82Q963/Q965 Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/3 communication 82Q963/Q965 HECI Controller
/0/100/3.2 storage 82Q963/Q965 PT IDER Controller
/0/100/3.3 communication 82Q963/Q965 KT Controller
/0/100/19 eth0 network 82566DM Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1a bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
/0/100/1a.1 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
/0/100/1a.7 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1b multimedia 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
/0/100/1d bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1d.1 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1d.2 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
/0/100/1d.7 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1e bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1f bridge 82801HO (ICH8DO) LPC Interface Controller
/0/100/1f.2 scsi0 storage 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller
/0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 160GB ST3160812AS
/0/100/1f.2/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 149GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk DVD-RAM GSA-H30N
/0/100/1f.3 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5 scsi2 storage 82801H (ICH8 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk 40GB KINGSTON SSDNow
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/1 /dev/sdb1 volume 31GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/2 /dev/sdb2 volume 5867MiB Extended partition
/0/100/1f.5/0.0.0/2/5 /dev/sdb5 volume 5867MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition
/1 power S26113-E505-V80
/2 wlan0 network Wireless interface
我得到的输出sudo lshw -class memory是：
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: FUJITSU SIEMENS // Phoenix Technologies Ltd.
physical id: 0
version: 6.00 R1.02.2348.A2
date: 09/18/2006
size: 109KiB
capacity: 448KiB
capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification
*-cache
description: L2 cache
physical id: 6
slot: L2 Cache
size: 2MiB
capacity: 2MiB
capabilities: burst internal write-back unified
*-cache
description: L3 cache
physical id: 7
slot: L3 Cache
size: 2MiB
capacity: 16MiB
capabilities: burst internal write-back unified
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 25
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 6GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
physical id: 0
slot: Slot-1
size: 2GiB
width: 40968 bits
clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
physical id: 1
slot: Slot-3
size: 1GiB
width: 41480 bits
clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
physical id: 2
slot: Slot-2
size: 2GiB
width: 41992 bits
clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
physical id: 3
slot: Slot-4
size: 1GiB
width: 42504 bits
clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
答案3
尝试
sudo dmidecode --type 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0018, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0017
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: J6H1
Bank Locator: CHAN A DIMM 0
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
Manufacturer: 0x2CFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Serial Number: 0x00000000
Asset Tag: Unknown
Part Number: 0x5A494F4E203830302D3247422D413131382D
Handle 0x001A, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0017
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: J6H2
Bank Locator: CHAN A DIMM 1
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: None
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: NO DIMM
Serial Number: NO DIMM
Asset Tag: NO DIMM
Part Number: NO DIMM
如果 17 型记忆法不适合您，您可以尝试其他记忆法此处列出，例如 6 或 37。