当我尝试安装 Linux 时，它告诉我 dev sda 上存在输入输出错误。
我在两台不同的电脑上尝试过 Ubuntu 和 Mint。因此，问题就缩小到了硬盘。
经过几个小时的谷歌搜索和尝试，我尝试制作硬盘ext4，gparted但出现了错误。这让我认为硬盘有问题。
有几个原因让我认为硬盘还不错。我可以在 Windows 中充分使用硬盘。Windows 和gparted磁盘健康检查都表明它很好。它的SMART数据都很好。
那么...帮忙？
上周我检查智能数据时一切正常。现在却很糟糕。很奇怪。所以我现在很确定我的硬盘坏了。无论如何，我都会在这里发布智能数据。
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [i686-linux-3.1.6-pmagic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.10
Device Model: ST3160815AS
Serial Number: 5RX4PFTR
Firmware Version: 3.CHF
User Capacity: 160,041,885,696 bytes [160 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 7
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Sun Jun 24 17:07:49 2012 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 433) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 52) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 253 006 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0002 098 096 000 Old_age Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0033 099 099 020 Pre-fail Always - 1568
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 085 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 352177338
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 6721
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0033 099 099 020 Pre-fail Always - 1529
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 253 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x003a 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 13311
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x0022 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 4
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x001a 060 050 000 Old_age Always - 40 (Min/Max 40/42)
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0000 040 050 000 Old_age Offline - 40 (0 15 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x0032 082 065 000 Old_age Always - 214888792
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0000 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 13338 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 13338 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6713 hours (279 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 98 9e a1 e0 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00a19e98 = 10591896
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:34.027 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.025 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.010 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:43.113 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:43.099 READ DMA EXT
Error 13337 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6713 hours (279 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 98 9e a1 e0 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00a19e98 = 10591896
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:34.027 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.025 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.010 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.004 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:31.082 READ DMA EXT
Error 13336 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6713 hours (279 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 98 9e a1 e0 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00a19e98 = 10591896
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:34.027 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.025 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.010 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.004 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:31.082 READ DMA EXT
Error 13335 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6713 hours (279 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 98 9e a1 e0 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00a19e98 = 10591896
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:34.027 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.025 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.010 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:34.004 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:31.082 READ DMA EXT
Error 13334 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6713 hours (279 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 98 9e a1 e0 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00a19e98 = 10591896
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:26.624 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:26.624 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:26.623 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:22:26.623 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 98 9e a1 e0 00 00:22:31.082 READ DMA EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
看来 LBA 10591896 处至少有一个坏扇区。启动 livecd 并尝试运行此命令，并确保准确输入：
sudo dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 of=/dev/null skip=10591896
如果出现 IO 错误，请尝试写入：
sudo dd if=/dev/zero bs=512 count=1 of=/dev/sda seek=10591896
如果成功，请再次运行第一个命令，看看现在是否成功，然后再次检查智能状态。要么应该有一个重新分配的扇区，在这种情况下，驱动器将坏扇区重新映射到备用扇区，要么写入纠正了问题。运行长时间的智能自检，看看是否还有错误并重复。之后，使用磁盘实用程序检查文件系统。
如果重新分配的计数仍然为零，那么您就可以开始了，如果不是，那么驱动器有一些损坏，您可能需要更换它。
答案2
智能数据对我来说似乎没问题。日志中有一些错误，但不应该导致恐慌。您应该尝试格式化整个磁盘。然后，如果有必要，hdd 固件应该重新分配块，而无需用户交互。
顺便说一句，这绝对是废话具有重定位扇区的硬盘很快就会损坏。带有重定位扇区的五个硬盘已经运行了十多年，没有任何问题。
只要你没有收到硬盘即将损坏的智能警告，你就应该是安全的。