我正在运行 ubuntu 12.04（32 位）。突然重启后我的笔记本电脑没有检测到硬盘。重启几次后它仍无法检测到硬盘。然后我在 BIOS 中将 SATA 模式从 AHCI 更改为 IDE。然后它再次检测到硬盘。现在硬盘性能非常慢。我在磁盘实用程序中运行了一个简短的测试。它没有显示任何错误或警告。
hdparm -i /dev/sda
Model=TOSHIBA MK3259GSXP, FwRev=GN003J, SerialNo=61OJC86CT
Config={ Fixed }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=8192kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=625142448
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5
AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=enabled
Drive conforms to: Unspecified: ATA/ATAPI-3,4,5,6,7
hdparm -tT /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 2 MB in 2.70 seconds = 759.55 kB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 172 MB in 3.02 seconds = 56.99 MB/sec
这些是 hdparm 命令的结果。正常吗？请帮忙。
规格：
Laptop: Acer Aspire 4250
HDD: 320
RAM: 2GB
Processor: dual core (1.6GHZ)
已编辑
我发现了一些问题。经过一段时间后，SDA 链接断开（速度为 700 kb/秒）。一分钟后恢复（速度为 MB/秒）。内核日志：
1.194927] ahci 0000:00:11.0: version 3.0
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.195121] ahci 0000:00:11.0: AHCI 0001.0200 32 slots 4 ports 6 Gbps 0xf impl SATA mode
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196190] scsi0 : ahci
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196326] scsi1 : ahci
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196417] scsi2 : ahci
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196508] scsi3 : ahci
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196951] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m1024@0x9034b000 port 0x9034b100 irq 19
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196957] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m1024@0x9034b000 port 0x9034b180 irq 19
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196961] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m1024@0x9034b000 port 0x9034b200 irq 19
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.196965] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m1024@0x9034b000 port 0x9034b280 irq 19
#Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.528890] ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
#Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.528970] ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
#Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.701010] ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 2.172883] Switching to clocksource tsc
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.380557] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.424635] ata1.00: ATA-8: TOSHIBA MK3259GSXP, GN003J, max UDMA/100
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.424644] ata1.00: 625142448 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.425731] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/100
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426226] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA TOSHIBA MK3259GS GN00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426483] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426488] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426550] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426568] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426574] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.426608] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.537077] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 sda7 >
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.538831] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.540782] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ8B0AW 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.542788] sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.542796] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.543116] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.543254] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5
Jul 14 01:07:32 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.543485] Freeing unused kernel memory: 748k freed
我遇到了完全一样的问题，https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+question/166624
附加信息
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-05 r3561 [i686-linux-3.5.0-3-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MK..59GSXP (Adv. Format)
Device Model: TOSHIBA MK3259GSXP
Serial Number: 61OJC86CT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 353c09e33
Firmware Version: GN003J
User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Sun Jul 15 00:36:16 2012 BDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 103) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 1206
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5171
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 736
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 1726
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 202 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1208
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 89
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 24439
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42 (Min/Max 18/48)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 14
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 49
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 1362
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 297
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1726 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 60% 1726 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1714 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1707 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
新的
我又发现了一个问题。#hdparm -tT /dev/sda 的结果在已安装的系统和 liveCD 中不同
现场直播CD：
Timing cached reads: 2630 MB in 3.00 seconds = 878.32 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 218 MB in 3.00 seconds = 72.62 MB/sec
已安装系统
Timing cached reads: 2 MB in 3.37 seconds = 607.20 kB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 218 MB in 3.00 seconds = 72.62 MB/sec
答案1
感谢您发布输出，
上述结果表明他们已经跨越了他们的阈值，最好进行备份，如果在保修期内则更换。进一步按压以获得所需性能可能会损坏它。
重新分配的扇区数显示736，虽然主要用作预期寿命驱动器，这个数字也会影响性能。随着重新分配扇区数量的增加，读/写速度趋于变差因为每当访问重映射时，驱动器头就会被迫寻找保留区域。
旋转重试次数显示202 这是旋转启动尝试的重试次数。此属性存储了达到完全运行速度的旋转启动尝试的总次数（在第一次尝试失败的情况下）。此属性值的增加表示硬盘机械子系统存在问题。
附言： 单独的低健康值并不一定意味着硬盘在不久的将来一定会损坏（要验证这一点，需要进行完整的（硬件）检查），但确实存在发生故障的可能性。
答案2
我认为任何显示“重新分配扇区计数”或“重新分配事件计数”非零值的驱动器都可作为保修更换的候选。再加上无法在 SATA 模式下检测到驱动器，我认为您的驱动器有问题。如果仍在保修期内，请更换驱动器。
答案3
更换驱动器。任何有坏扇区的驱动器都注定有一天会出现故障。