我是 Ubuntu 新手，所以非常感谢大家的帮助。我运行的是 12.04，有六个更新无法安装。我尝试过更新管理器、sudo apt-get upgrade和sudo apt-get update。到目前为止，没有任何效果。
以下是 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 之后的输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
fglrx fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-dev linux-generic-pae
linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae linux-image-generic-pae
6 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
11 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/83.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 53.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (3.2.0-24.37) ...
Running depmod.
sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found
Failed to create initrd image.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (3.2.0-27.43) ...
Running depmod.
sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found
Failed to create initrd image.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (3.2.0-29.46) ...
Running depmod.
sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found
Failed to create initrd image.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
Setting up udev (175-0ubuntu9.1) ...
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
udev stop/waiting
udev start/running, process 4840
/var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: 87: /var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: update- initramfs: not found
dpkg: error processing udev (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-core:
xserver-xorg-core depends on udev (>= 149); however:
Package udev is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-core (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx:
fglrx depends on xserver-xorg-core; however:
Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing fglrx (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-amdcccle:
fglrx-amdcccle depends on fglrx; however:
Package fglrx is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing fglrx-amdcccle (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-pae:
linux-image-generic-pae depends on linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae; however:
Package linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-pae (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-pae:
linux-generic-pae depends on linux-image-generic-pae (= 3.2.0.24.26); however:
Package linux-image-generic-pae is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-generic-pae (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-video-intel:
xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xorg-video-abi-11; however:
Package xorg-video-abi-11 is not installed.
Package xserver-xorg-core which provides xorg-video-abi-11 is not configured yet.
xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xserver-xorg-core (>= 2:1.10.99.901); however:
Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-video-intel (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-dev:
fglrx-dev depends on fglrx; however:
Package fglrx is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing fglrx-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae
linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae
udev
xserver-xorg-core
fglrx
fglrx-amdcccle
linux-image-generic-pae
linux-generic-pae
xserver-xorg-video-intel
fglrx-dev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
答案1
所有错误都表示找不到文件，即/usr/sbin/update-initramfs
现在我执行以下命令来找出哪个包应该提供该文件，下面是输出
$ dpkg -S /usr/sbin/update-initramfs
initramfs-tools: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs
因此，请尝试安装软件包 initramfs-tools 并重新运行更新。检查软件包是否已存在。
sudo dpkg -l |grep initramfs-tools
然后安装 initramfs-tools（如果没有找到）
sudo apt-get install initramfs-tools
sudo apt-get update然后使用或其他命令重复安装过程。
我很想知道这是否帮助您渡过了难关。
答案2
我在使用 linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic 时也遇到过类似的问题。
sudo apt-get install --reinstall initramfs-tools
似乎有所帮助。至少，所有软件包都安装成功，没有任何错误。据我所知（我的知识非常有限，请记住这一点），在某个时候，/usr/sbin/update-initramfs 因某种奇怪的原因被删除了。但该软件包仍被标记为已安装，因此
sudo apt-get install initramfs-tools
沒有改變任何内容。
答案3
在这种情况下尝试sudo apt-get dist-upgrade；也就是说，当通过更新管理器进行定期升级或sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade遗漏某些软件包时 --- 特别是“linux-something”软件包（那些是内核更新）。
答案4
我在 Ubuntu 14.04 中遇到了类似的问题，并使用以下命令解决了：
sudo cp /usr/sbin/update-initramfs.orig.initramfs-tools /usr/sbin/update-initramfs
似乎已经安装了 initramfs-tools，但是可执行二进制文件由于某种原因更改了名称，导致 apt-get 无法用于升级内核！