Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS
东芝 Satellite M115-S1061
realtek alc861-vd
AlsaMixer 显示我的卡/芯片 HDA ATI SB 和 RealTek ALC861-VD
但是，当我打开 Rhythmbox 或查看声音设置时，在“输出 - 播放声音”下没有出现任何设备。
如果我插入耳机并调高 Alsamixer 中的所有音量设置，我可以听到非常非常微弱的声音（我说过它很微弱吗）。
非常奇怪的是，当我运行非常旧的 SLAX Live CD（Linux 2.6.27.27）时，一旦映像启动，声音就会立即以正常音量出现。在检查该环境时，它说音频来自 OSS 而不是 ALSA。
更新（其他详细信息）：
声卡是主板上的 RealTek 高清音频总线。根据 Ubuntu 在 AlsaMixer 中显示的内容以及 Windows 2008 显示的内容，我所知道的只是音频编解码器是 ALC861。
pulseaudio --check
- No Results returned, command prompt is simply returned.
pulseaudio --dump-conf
### Read from configuration file: /etc/pulse/daemon.conf ###
daemonize = no
fail = yes
high-priority = yes
nice-level = -11
realtime-scheduling = yes
realtime-priority = 5
allow-module-loading = yes
allow-exit = yes
use-pid-file = yes
system-instance = no
local-server-type = user
cpu-limit = no
enable-shm = yes
flat-volumes = no
lock-memory = no
exit-idle-time = 20
scache-idle-time = 20
dl-search-path = /usr/lib/pulse-1.1/modules
default-script-file = /etc/pulse/default.pa
load-default-script-file = yes
log-target = auto
log-level = notice
resample-method = speex-float-1
enable-remixing = yes
enable-lfe-remixing = no
default-sample-format = s16le
default-sample-rate = 44100
default-sample-channels = 2
default-channel-map = front-left,front-right
default-fragments = 8
default-fragment-size-msec = 10
enable-deferred-volume = yes
deferred-volume-safety-margin-usec = 1
deferred-volume-extra-delay-usec = 0
shm-size-bytes = 0
log-meta = no
log-time = no
log-backtrace = 0
rlimit-fsize = -1
rlimit-data = -1
rlimit-stack = -1
rlimit-core = -1
rlimit-rss = -1
rlimit-as = -1
rlimit-nproc = -1
rlimit-nofile = 256
rlimit-memlock = -1
rlimit-locks = -1
rlimit-sigpending = -1
rlimit-msgqueue = -1
rlimit-nice = 31
rlimit-rtprio = 9
rlimit-rttime = 1000000
amixer -c 0
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 64
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 64 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Playback 64 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
Capabilities: pvolume penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 255
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Playback 255 [100%] [0.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
Capabilities: volume penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: 0 - 3
Front Left: 3 [100%] [30.00dB]
Front Right: 3 [100%] [30.00dB]
Simple mixer control 'Beep',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch penum
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 31
Front Left: Capture 17 [55%] [12.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Capture 17 [55%] [12.00dB] [on]
pacmd dump
Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.
Configuration dump generated at Fri Aug 23 23:15:34 2013
load-module module-device-restore
load-module module-stream-restore
load-module module-card-restore
load-module module-augment-properties
load-module module-alsa-card device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_14.2" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_14.2" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"
load-module module-udev-detect
load-module module-bluetooth-discover
load-module module-native-protocol-unix
load-module module-gconf
load-module module-default-device-restore
load-module module-rescue-streams
load-module module-always-sink
load-module module-intended-roles
load-module module-suspend-on-idle
load-module module-console-kit
load-module module-position-event-sounds
load-module module-filter-heuristics
load-module module-filter-apply
load-module module-switch-on-port-available
load-module module-x11-publish display=:0
load-module module-x11-bell display=:0 sample=bell.ogg
load-module module-x11-cork-request display=:0
load-module module-x11-xsmp display=:0 session_manager=local/familylaptop:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1289,unix/familylaptop:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1289
load-module module-cli-protocol-unix
set-sink-volume alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo 0x10000
set-sink-mute alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo no
suspend-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo yes
set-source-volume alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo.monitor 0x10000
set-source-mute alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo.monitor no
suspend-source alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo.monitor yes
set-source-volume alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo 0x725a
set-source-mute alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo no
suspend-source alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo yes
set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_14.2 output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
set-default-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo
set-default-source alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo
EOF
pactl
No valid command specified.
答案1
我设法破坏了我的音频以尝试重现您的配置，但我弄清楚了原因，这是我的pacmd dump：
load-module module-device-restore
load-module module-stream-restore
load-module module-card-restore
load-module module-augment-properties
load-module module-switch-on-port-available
load-module module-alsa-card device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_1b.0" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"
load-module module-udev-detect
load-module module-native-protocol-unix
load-module module-default-device-restore
load-module module-rescue-streams
load-module module-always-sink
load-module module-intended-roles
load-module module-suspend-on-idle
load-module module-console-kit
load-module module-systemd-login
load-module module-position-event-sounds
load-module module-role-cork
load-module module-filter-heuristics
load-module module-filter-apply
load-module module-dbus-protocol
load-module module-x11-publish display=:0
load-module module-x11-cork-request display=:0
load-module module-x11-xsmp display=:0 session_manager=local/bt:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/3333,unix/bt:/tmp/.ICE-unix/3333
load-module module-cli-protocol-unix
set-sink-volume alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51 0x10000
set-sink-mute alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51 no
suspend-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51 no
set-source-volume alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51.monitor 0x000
set-source-mute alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51.monitor no
suspend-source alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51.monitor no
set-source-volume alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 0x10000
set-source-mute alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo no
suspend-source alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo yes
set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0 output:analog-surround-51+input:analog-stereo
set-default-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51
set-default-source alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
我将我的配置与您的配置进行比较，然后我注意到suspend我的配置中的键设置为no，而您的配置中的键设置为yes。然后查看手册，我发现：
suspend-sink|suspend-source index|name boolean 暂停（即断开与底层硬件的连接）接收器（相应源）。
这意味着 pulseaudio 实际上没有向 alsa 驱动器发送任何信号，那么我该如何恢复音频呢？运行：
pacmd suspend-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-51 no
我终于恢复了声音。顺便提一下，这样做之后，不知为何pacmd dump仍然会显示该值。如果仍然有问题，请移动目录并重新启动会话以强制 pulseaudio 重新加载默认值。yes~/.pulse
mv ~/.pulse ~/pulse.bk